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    "url": "https://indianspices.com/research-highlights-0.html",
    "title": "Research Highlights | Spices Board",
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  "content": "Research Highlights | Spices Board\n\nSkip to main content\nSkip to main content\nScreen Reader Access\nGST provisional registration details of Spices Board\nNew Feature : Click\n                      here for Auction Report\nSpice: Small Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date of Auction:\n                      23-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Auctioneer:\n                      IDUKKI MAHILA CARDAMOM PRODUCER COMPANY LIMITED,\n\n                      No.of lots:\n                      219,\n\n                      Qty Arrived (Kgs):\n                      51439.5,\n\n                      Qty Sold (Kgs):\n                      50233.9,\n\n                      Max Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      3001.00,\n\n                      Avg. Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      2465.69\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Singtam,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1600.00,\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Singtam,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1475.00,\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Gangtok,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1600.00,\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Gangtok,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1450.00,\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Siliguri,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1682.00,\nSpice: Large Cardamom\n,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Siliguri,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1530.00,\nSearch form\nSearch\nहिंदी\nHome\nSitemap\nContact Us\nAbout Us\nBoard Members\nConstitution\nSpices Board Act & Rules\nAnnual Reports\nStaff\n                              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Weekly\nSubscription Rates\nAdvertisement\n                                  Tariff\nPromotional\n                              Videos\nSpice\n                              Related News\ne-Newsletter\nNotifications\nCirculars\nEvents/Training Programmes\nDownload Forms\nAnnual Procurement\nTender\nOpportunities\nRelated Links\nWhat's New\nContact Us\nYou are here\nHome\n>> Research Highlights\nIndian Cardamom Research\n                        Institute\nFacilities\nResearch Highlights\nServices Offered\nMajor Projects\nCollaborative Projects\nRelated Links\nRESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS\nLast updated on 29-01-2016, 09:34\nSMALL CARDAMOM\nCROP IMPROVEMENT & BIOTECHNOLOGY\nInventorisation and collection of small cardamom germplasm were undertaken periodically in the\n                          forests of Western Ghats and plantations in the cardamom tract of South India since 1979.\n                          Conserved a total of 804 small cardamom accessions and 22 accessions of allied genera in the\n                          National Conservatory of Cardamom Germplasm at Myladumpara & Sakleshpur centres.\n                          Evaluation trials were carried out to identify genetic variants of cardamom from various\n                          habitats\n                          for exploitation in crop improvement programmes.\nReleased eight high yielding cardamom selections/hybrids suitable for different cardamom\n                          growing zones through State/ Central Variety release committees viz.,\nICRI-l, ICRI-2, ICRI-5, ICRI-6, ICRI-7 (for Kerala Zone)\nICRI-3 & ICRI-8 (for Karnataka Zone)\nICRI-4 (for Tamil Nadu Zone).\nICRI has developed a new promising cardamom variety (accession no. 594) with\n                          desirable biotic and abiotic characters, through natural selection, genetic upgradation\n                          and evaluation during 2021-22. This clone is registered with NBPGR,\n                          New Delhi as a unique variety with a yield potential of 3,000 kg /ha under moderate\n                          management.\nStudied the breeding behaviour and pollen biology of cardamom.\nPrepared a floristic calendar of the cardamom tract.\nConserved different herbal spices like Sage, Salvia, Mint, Marjoram, Rosemary, Horse radish,\n                          Oregano, Basil, Celery etc. in the nursery.\nICRI-5\nNew promising cardamom variety (Accession no.\n                                594)\nReleased varieties of small cardamom\nCardamom hybrids developed at RRS Saklespur\nA full-fledged Biotechnology Lab of the institute has undertaken research on genetic diversity\n                          of\n                          cardamoms, molecular diagnostics of diseases of cardamoms & black pepper. Carried out gender\n                          specific markers in nutmeg and identified genes related to disease resistance. Passport Data\n                          sheets\n                          including Molecular Marker Data were prepared for small and large cardamom accessions under\n                          germplasm characterization programme. A variety specific molecular marker was generated for\n                          small cardamom malabar cultivar. Characterization of\nFusarium\naffecting cardamom was\n                          undertaken. Putative genes related to fungal and viral disease tolerance in small and large\n                          cardamom respectively were explored through transcriptome analyses. Transcriptomes of large\n                          cardamom chirke virus disease and those of small cardamom capsule rot disease were generated\n                          for the first time and studied for genes related to resistance/tolerance. DNA fingerprinting\n                          studies\n                          of Indian cardamom and Guatemalan cardamom was carried out as part of identifying and\n                          discriminating cardamom of different geographic origins in market samples.\nMicropropagation systems were developed for Small cardamom, Large cardamom, Vanilla, Black\n                          pepper,\n                          Ginger, Turmeric, Tree spices viz-Clove, Garcinia, Tamarind, Curry leaf and Herbal spices viz.\n                          Oregano, Mint, Sage, Thyme\n                          and technologies were scaled up for large scale production and protocols were transferred on a\n                          MoU to Biotech firms for further utilization.\n                          Short- & Long-Term Training on TC techniques was extended to 110 youth from BPL families on\n                          collaboration with ‘Kudumbashree’\n                          a Govt. of Kerala project on poverty alleviation and empowerment of rural women.\nProtocol for Interspecific hybridization was standardized using embryo rescue methods for\n                          different vanilla species.\nThe elite small cardamom clone (MCC 549) developed by the division is notified as a unique\n                          variety by ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi and assigned IC No.645601 for National Identity.\nThe two cardamom hybrids developed by ICRI Myladumpara are notified by ICAR-NBPGR and assigned\n                          IC numbers MHC-1 and MHC-2 as IC645599 and IC645600 respectively. These were evaluated for\n                          consecutive four years and initiated action for submitting the variety release proposal to\n                          Kerala State Varietal Release Committee for plantation crops.\nMolecular characterizations and profiling of total 50 accessions of small cardamom including\n                          released varieties as well as landraces was carried out. Passport data sheets of all the\n                          accessions are under compilation.\nMolecular characterization of Fusarium isolates from small cardamom - Gene sequencing of\n                          fifteen Fusarium isolates were carried out using selective primers.\nDeveloped new LCCV (Large Cardamom Chirke Virus) – specific primer for chirke virus indexing.\nAGRONOMY & SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION\nPackage of practices covering various agro techniques such as nursery preparation,\n                          planting methods, nutrient management and judicious irrigation schedules were developed and\n                          transferred to the planters.\nAn economic schedule of soil cum foliar application of fertilizers for cardamom has been\n                          formulated which results\n                          in 33% saving in fertilizer costs as compared to soil application. Developed remedial measure\n                          for zinc and Boron deficiency.\nSoil Analysis & Fertilizer recommendations are being carried out regularly. The institute has\n                          analyzed more than 1,00,000 cardamom\n                          soil samples received from planters of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and most judicious and\n                          balanced recommendations were given.\nICRI had carried out the fertility mapping of 52 Panchayaths and one Municipality of Idukki\n                          district under the multi-institutional project on “Soil Based Plant Nutrient Management Plan\n                          for Agro Ecosystem of Kerala”. The study highlighted acidification of soil,\n                          very high phosphorus content of soil (> 25 kg ha-1), deficiency of secondary nutrients like\n                          calcium and sulphur and micronutrient boron.\nCharacterised the cardamom capsules from Cardamom Hill Reserve (CHR) of Idukki district in\n                          Kerala with respect to\n                          oil content, its volatile components, oleoresin and physical quality parameters like litre\n                          weight, size of the capsule, seed husk ratio etc.\nIntegrated Nutrient Management of cardamom cultivation was developed.\nIn order to improve the fertiliser use efficiency, a schedule for drenching of fertilisers in\n                          the plant base was standardised.\nEco-friendly farm practices, organic production systems and GAP for cardamoms were\n                          systematized.\nFarm Mechanization programmes\n                          for cardamom cultivation were undertaken. Evaluated various mechanical devices such as weeder,\n                          washing machine, pitmaker as well as cardamom driers viz. Biomass gasifier model of cardamom\n                          drier and other improved cardamom driers for carrying out various farm operations in cardamom\n                          plantations.\nMonitoring of pesticide residues at farm gate level in cardamom ecosystem is being undertaken.\n                          Weather data is recorded every day, compiled and studied for crop weather interactions and\n                          provided to various stake holders.\nFoliar application of ‘ICRI cardamom special’, a nutrient formulation; resulted in significant\n                          improvement in the yield of cardamom.\nA Mobile application (CardS App) for site specific fertiliser recommendation was developed as\n                          an output of the collaborative project (with ICRI Spices Board, Rubber Board and Digital\n                          University of Kerala) entitled ‘Integrating GIS based soil fertility assessment of cardamom\n                          tract and app-based fertilizer recommendation for climate resilient cardamom cultivation’.\nCompiled and published the trends in climate variability and cropping system changes in\n                          various spices of Kerala state.\nCROP PROTECTION DIVISION\nPlant Protection Code (PPC) for small & large cardamom was prepared and published. Survey on\n                          diseases of small and large cardamom was\n                          carried out in order to ascertain incidence and severity of major diseases for formulation of\n                          Integrated Diseases Management strategies.\n                          The model for prediction of capsule rot disease in small cardamom in Kerala using weather data\n                          and disease incidence was undertaken with\n                          the help of CYMMACS, Bangalore. Disease escapes of small & large cardamoms collected from\n                          different zones were screened and evaluated for\n                          tolerance studies in hot spot areas. Trials on blight disease escape lines of large cardamom\n                          are progressing in Sikkim. Small\n                          cardamom accessions were screened for Katte virus disease tolerance. Studied and identified\n                          the major viral diseases chirke & foorkey of\n                          large cardamom, and disease transmission, survival and management strategies were worked out.\n                          New diseases reported were analysed using\n                          molecular markers such as on small cardamom ‘Phyllody’ or abnormal tiller from regions of\n                          Idukki district. Local strains of Bioagents\n                          were evaluated in the field for the management of rot pathogens in cardamom.\n                          Soil application of dolomite and its combinations were found to reduce the population of soil\n                          borne fungal pathogens in cardamom.\nThe study was conducted on the effect of ozone (200mg/h) for\n                            removal of pesticide residue from fresh cardamom. Results showed ozone could remove\n                            pesticides from 35-87%.\nThe pesticides such as Copper oxychloride, Fosetyl Aluminium and Diafenthiuron (registered\n                            under CIB &RC)\n                            were found compatible with fertilizers like urea, DAP and MOP in tank mixes.\nFungicides were evaluated for the management of rot diseases in small cardamom. It was\n                            observed that highest reduction of capsule\n                            rot and rhizome rot were noticed in the plot treated with as Dimethomorph 50WP (0.2%),\n                            Fosetyl-Al 80WP (0.2%) and COC 50WP (0.2%) + B.M. (1.0%).\nIdentified and characterised causal organisms of capsule rot, rhizome rots and nursery rots\nDeveloped Integrated Disease Management (IDM) strategies\nIdentified tolerant lines of\nPhytophthora\nfrom germplasm accessions\nRecommended the biocontrol agent\nTrichoderma\nsp. for controlling capsule rot, rhizome\n                            and seedling rot diseases\nProduced Bioagents viz,\nTrichoderma\n&\nPseudomonas\nand supplied to farmers\nMass multiplication protocol was\n                            developed for VAM which was found effective in improving growth and vigour and in protecting\n                            cardamom seedlings from soil borne pathogens.\nDeveloped management strategies for\nfusarium\ndiseases of small cardamom.\nIdentified pathogens of vanilla and herbal spices, control methods developed.\nInitiated studies on mathematical modelling for prediction of capsule rot disease outbreak\nStudied Climate change impact on disease occurrence in cardamom.\nThe treatment Fluopicolide 4.44 % + Fosetyl-Al 66.67 % WG (Profiler) @ 2500 g/ha was found\n                            most effective followed by Fluopicolide 4.44 % + Fosetyl-Al 66.67 % WG (Profiler) @ 2250\n                            g/ha in controlling rhizome rot and azhukal disease (capsule rot) of small cardamom in\n                            comparison to existing recommended fungicide Fosetyl Al 80 % WP @ 3000 g/ha.\nFour fungicides were evaluated in a field trial for the control of rhizome rot in small\n                            cardamom. The maximum reduction in disease incidence was noted in Fenamidone + Mancozeb\n                            followed by Tebuconazole.\nFour fungicides were evaluated in a field trial for the control of leaf blight in small\n                            cardamom. The maximum reduction in disease incidence was noted in Tebuconazole followed by\n                            Hexaconazole and Carbendazim+Mancozeb.\nBioagent Production\nRecommended effective insecticides at minimum concentration to planters.\nBrought down the number of insecticide applications to 5-7 per year from 12-14\n                            sprays/year, thus reducing the quantity of pesticides and the application cost.\nThe technology of pruning of dried cardamom leaves (cultural control) during February, and\n                            application of five sprays of insecticides/year on the lower one third portion of cardamom\n                            plants have proved effective and economical for thrips control, as was demonstrated in\n                            planters’ fields.\nPesticide spray schedule for Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu cardamom plantations was\n                            formulated for effective management of major and minor pests in small cardamom.\nIPM consisting of mechanical control of beetles and chemical control of grubs have been\n                            worked out for cardamom root grub management and has been demonstrated in planters’ fields.\nAn effective management strategy for whitefly was also evolved (with behavioural control -\n                            trapping adult fly with yellow sticky trap and also spraying of neem oil suspension at 0.5%\n                            on the lower surface of leaves for control of nymphs) and being recommended.\nNew insecticide molecules were evaluated for the management of major insect pests in small\n                            cardamom.\nEvaluated new insecticide molecule, Hunk (Acephate-95% SG) in different agroclimatic zones\n                            and sent report for label expansion for use in small cardamom against major insect pests\nEvaluated EPN infected Galleria cadavers on soil pests of small cardamom, among them EPN @\n                            4 Lakhs ijs recorded cent percent damage on root grub and 40-45% on root knot nematode\n                            (RKN).\nThe final report has been submitted to Central Insecticide Board and registration committee,\n                            CIB&RC of the external funded research project on “Evaluation of Rallis insecticide, Hunk\n                            (Acephate 95% SG) on major insect pests viz. thrips and borer in small cardamom” through M/s\n                            Rallis India Limited for label expansion of Acephate 95% SG  in small cardamom.\nField evaluation of bio-efficacy of newer molecules viz., Spinetoram, Spirotetramat,\n                            Flupyradifurone, Afidopyropen and Chlorantranilipriole revealed that different doses of\n                            Spinetoram was effective against thrips and shoot, capsule and panicle borer pest of small\n                            cardamom.\nEPN cadavers & application to cardamom\nRESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS- LARGE CARDAMOM\nA)   CROP IMPROVEMENT DIVISION\nReleased two high yielding varieties: ICRI Sikkim 1 & ICRI Sikkim 2 by selection (yield\n                            potential 800 kg / ha) from Sawney cultivar.\nSurvey was carried out for the collection of large cardamom germplasm/accessions and wild\n                            Amomum at different areas of Sikkim, Kalimpong and Darjeeling districts of West Bengal;\n                            Aalo, Siang, East Siang, West Siang districts of Arunachal\n                            Pradesh and Mon district of Nagaland.\nGermplasm conservatory established and maintained at ICRI, Research farm at Pangthang\n                            (1990 m MSL) and Kabi (1620 m MSL) farm based on high yielding, disease and pest tolerant,\n                            biotic and abiotic stress tolerant lines since 1986.\nCrossing work was carried out between the selected lines to develop hybrid with desired\n                            characters. Selection process of large cardamom accessions is going on for specific traits\n                            like location specificity, abiotic stress tolerant.\nHigh yielding genotypes like SCC 106 (1257 kg/ha), SCC 89 (1064 kg/ha), SCC 89 (1065\n                            kg/ha), SCC 88 (1016 kg/ha) and SCC 72 (660 kg/ha) selected from the PET were clonally\n                            multiplied.\nLaid out two new trials of large cardamom (Bomdila West Kameng district of Arunachal\n                            Pradesh and Lower PR Hills Kohima in Nagaland) for studying the performance of Dzongu Golsey\n                            and Varlangey cultivars in these locations under AICRP on Spices.\nB)   AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION\nEconomic life span of Sawney cultivar of large cardamom was fifteen years after planting\n                            by adopting improved agro techniques at Sikkim condition.\nFertility status of large cardamom from soils has been evaluated.\nFoliar application of Borax @ 0.5 % with Soil application of Borax @ 2.5 kg /ha recorded\n                            the highest dry yield of 561.0 kg/ha with benefit cost ratio 2.49:1compare to control.\nIn-situ soil moisture conservation practices, surface mulching recorded significantly\n                            higher soil moisture content, however trench across the slope + Biomass in trench recorded\n                            the highest dry yield of 317.94 kg/ha with highest benefit: cost ratio of 2.89:1 compared to\n                            control.\nCombined application of Zn, Mn and Mg @ 0.5gm lit-1 recorded the maximum values of growth\n                            parameters and highest dry yield (651.12 kg ha-1) of large cardamom as compare to other\n                            treatments.\nApplication of Zn, Mn and Mg @10 kg ha-1 observed the highest dry yield (574.10 kg ha-1)\n                            of large cardamom as compare to control.\nC)   PATHOLOGY DIVISION\nIdentified Chirke [Large cardamom chirke virus (LCCV)] and Foorkey [Cardamom bushy dwarf\n                            virus (CBDV) ] as major viral diseases causing enormous loss to the crop. Disease\n                            transmission mode, survival and management were worked out.\nA survey on diseases of large cardamom was carried out in different locations of Sikkim,\n                            Kalimpong and Darjeeling districts of West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh in order to\n                            ascertain incidence and severity of major diseases and also formulated Integrated Diseases\n                            Management.\nThe blight pathogen\nColletotrichum gloeosporioides\nwas isolated from the diseased\n                            samples such as pseudo stem rot, leaf blight, infected spikes and capsules collected from\n                            various locations and the disease cycle was constructed.\nAmong the various cultivars Varlangey registered maximum blight disease incidence (15%)\n                            followed by ICRI Sikkim-2 (10.5%), Sawney (7.5%), Dzongu Golsey (7.0%) and ICRI\n                            Sikkim-1(6.5%). Minimum disease infection was recorded for cultivar Seremna (4.0 %) in the\n                            field.\nTreating suckers with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.3%) or copper oxychloride (0.3%) showed\n                            significantly less incidence of blight (6.2 & 4.1% respectively which were on par) as\n                            compared to control (14.6%). While in organic cultivation, treating the sucker with\n                            bio-agents (\nPseudomonas fluorescens + Bacilus subtilis\n, 5% each) was the most\n                            promising one.\nIn organic cultivation practices, prophylactic spraying and drenching with 3-4 lit\n                            solution of\nPseudomonas fluorescens\n@ 5 % during April last week or May 1st week and\n                            again in August & September found effective in reducing the blight disease.\nTwo other two fungal diseases, leaf streak and Phoma leaf spot were identified and their\n                            management approach also suggested.\nNative bio control agents were identified, mass multiplied and supplied to farmers based\n                            on the demand for disease management under organic system of cultivation in Sikkim and\n                            Darjeeling district of West Bengal.\nNative bio control agents were identified, mass multiplied and supplied to farmers based\n                            on the demand for disease management under organic system of cultivation in Sikkim and\n                            Darjeeling district of West Bengal.\nD)   ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION\nThe occurrence of pests and natural enemies were recorded through surveillance. The\n                            Integrated Pest management (IPM) schedule for large cardamom was formulated for management\n                            of leaf caterpillar (\nArtona chorista Jordon\n), shoot fly (\nMerochlorops dimorphus\n                              Cherian\n), stem borer (\nGlyphipterix\nsp.) and white grub (\nHolotichia\nSpp.).\nSoil samples of large cardamom plantations from different altitude of Sikkim, Darjeeling\n                            and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal collected and analysis revealed presence of six\n                            different nematodes viz.,\nHelicotylecchus\nspp.,\nHoplolaimus\nsp.,\nTylenchorhynchus\nannulatus\n,\nPratylenchus\nsp.,\nMeloidogyne incognita\nand\nCriconematids\nwith varying level of nematode count.\nWork related to identifying the capsule borer of large cardamom was initiated and capsule\n                            samples from different altitudes of large cardamom growing areas of Sikkim and Darjeeling &\n                            Kalimpong districts of West Bengal elevations and found that incidence ranges from 0.8 to\n                            3.5 % and in old plantations incidence were more compared to new plantations.\nPollinators of the large cardamom were enlisted and their frequency of visit was studied\n                            in different altitudes. The main pollinators recorded are bumble bees (\nBombus\n                              haemorrhoidalis\nSmith) and (\nBumbus breviceps\nSmith). Information on role of\n                            pollinators towards optimum capsule and seed setting was generated.\nStudy on the efficacy of neem kernel aqueous extract (NKAE) in management of white grub in\n                            large cardamom with NKAE and other bioagents\nBeauveria bassiana\nand\nMetarrhizium\n                              anisopliae\nit was found that that\nM. anisopliae\n10.0 g/lit of water gave the\n                            highest control (79.10 %) followed by NKAE 5% + 1.0 % surfactant (73.0 %) and B. bassiana @\n                            10.0 g/ lit of water (69.6%).\nThree new insect’s viz.\nMelolontha\nsp. nr. furcicauda Ancey (Scarabidae :\n                            Melolonthinae),\nAnomala dimidiate\n( Hope ) ( Scarabidae : Rutelinae ),\nBhahmina\nsp (Scarabidae : Melolonthinae ) were reported from large cardamom\n                            ecosystem.\nHimalayan palm civet (\nPaguma larvata\nC.E.H. Smith), Prcupine (\nErethizon\n                              dorsatum\n), Indian wild boar, Musk deer (\nSus scrofa\nL), Rodent and Monkey are\n                            reported as mammalian pest causing damage to cardamom plants, spike and capsule.\nE)   POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY DIVISION\nScientifically improved large cardamom bhatti system was developed by the ICRI, RRS Tadong\n                            has been popularized by Spices Board (Dev) in Gangtok and Guwahati Region covering entire\n                            large cardamom growing tracts in India through subsidized schemes.\nThe study was carried out for standardizing sieve size for capsule gradation. Established\n                            linkage with manufacturer of sieves for gradating large cardamom capsules as per the\n                            specifications for supplying to SHGs.\nCapsule gradation of large cardamom were carried out and standardized five grades based on\n                            size of the capsule.\nTECHNOLOGY RELEASED\nBiofortified coffee pulp compost prepared by mixing with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and rock\n                            phosphate (5 kg each of the three in one ton of raw coffee pulp and composted for three\n                            months) may\n                            be applied at the rate of 2 kg / plant in two splits a year for cardamom under Karnataka\n                            conditions.\n                            (Manoj Oommen, Harsha K N & Noolvi I R)\nCardamom can be cured in Heat pump assisted dehydrator (HPAD) dryer at a temperature of 500C\n                            for\n                            5 hours and then gradually increasing by 2-50C up to 750C and holding for half an hour. The\n                            total\n                            time required is 24 hours. (John Jo Varghese & Manoj Oommen)\nSpraying of Fluopicolide 4.44% + Fosetyl-Al 66.67% WG (Profiler) @ 2500 g/ha or @ 2250 g/ha\n                            in\n                            recommended to control rhizome rot & capsule rot. (Awaiting approval of CIB & RC) (K\n                            Dhanapal, K A\n                            Saju & Harsha K N)\nAcephate 95% SG @ 1000 g / ha can be used for the effective control of capsule damage due to\n                            thrips and shoot, panicle & capsule damage by borer. (P Thiyagarajan, M A Ansar Ali, K\n                            Dhanapal and\n                            A B Rema Shree)\nLARGE\n                            CARDAMOM\nCrop improvement\nTwo unique germplasm collected from Darjeeling District of West Bengal and planted in\n                            isolation under observation.\nHybridized seedlings (F1) morpho-metric characterization under progress. New set of\n                            hybridization work carried out and seed obtained were sown in seed bed for germination.\nComparative study on growth behavior of germplasm under study of “Screening of drought\n                            tolerant lines” in irrigated and after withholding of water for certain period as well as\n                            Stomatal index was carried out.\nAgronomy\n“Production potential of large cardamom under diverse organic management practices”.\n                            Treatment imposed as per schedule and plant morphometric data were recorded.\nEntomology\nBioassay study of Artona chorista caterpillars revealed that the caterpillar dispersed\n                            more( 56.25%) in Leaf Treatment Methods compared to Topical Application Methods ( 25.00 % )\n                            when used ash with water @ 1:4 (w/v) and spray @10 times dilution in laboratory conditions.\nCapsule borer egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time and adult survivorship\n                            were recorded in laboratory condition, result revealed that development time of each life\n                            stages were significantly affected by temperature and relative humidity. One\n                            entomo-pathogenic fungus found naturally affecting capsule borer larvae and pupa, which was\n                            isolated and identification &bio-assay study under progress.\nEntomology\nBioassay study of Artona chorista caterpillars revealed that the caterpillar dispersed\n                            more( 56.25%) in Leaf Treatment Methods compared to Topical Application Methods ( 25.00 % )\n                            when used ash with water @ 1:4 (w/v) and spray @10 times dilution in laboratory conditions.\nCapsule borer egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time and adult survivorship\n                            were recorded in laboratory condition, result revealed that development time of each life\n                            stages were significantly affected by temperature and relative humidity. One\n                            entomo-pathogenic fungus found naturally affecting capsule borer larvae and pupa, which was\n                            isolated and identification &bio-assay study under progress.\nPathology\nSurveys revealed that blight, leaf streak, leaf rust and dry rot was prevalent throughout\n                            the year. The incidence of blight, leaf streak and leaf rust were high during April to\n                            September whereas wilt/dry rot incidence was high during October to June.\nWhite Furled Leaf disorder was proved to be due to nutrient deficiency, Application of\n                            agricultural lime in the soil (@100g /plant) followed by the foliar application of\n                            micronutrient formulation (50 g in 10 Litres of Water), two rounds at fortnightly intervals\n                            can rectify the problem.\nThe application of paraffinic oil (0.5 % or 1.0%) in combination with bioagents (1.5%)\n                            provided significant reduction in controlling foliar blight incidence and was on par with\n                            Bordeaux mixture application (1.0%). It also provided significant protection next to\n                            Bordeaux mixture in controlling rust disease.\nBiopriming with microbial inoculants (Azotobacter + PSB + K mobiliser) significantly\n                            improved seed germination and seedling growth of large cardamom.\nAmong various organic substrates tested for Trichoderma, naximum population was obtained\n                            in large cardamom spike followed by paddy straw, large cardamom pseudostem and mixed leaves.\nSoil application of cashew shell (1.0 %) was comparable with Bioagents (2. 0%) in reducing\n                            the soil borne diseases and also in improving the overall plant growth under nursery\n                            conditions.\nMoU had been done with the HDRI, Govt of Uttarakhand for collaborative work in the field\n                            of Research and development of large cardamom in Uttarakhand.\nA Co-ordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) on large cardamom with the promising genotypes was\n                            initiated based on the decision of XXXIII Annual General Meeting (AGM) of AICRPS.\nLarge cardamom capsules cured using ICRI\n                      Improved Bhatti\nBack\nCitizens Charter\nLodge Complaint\nOnline Exporter Registration\nSpices dyed Garments\nWebsite Policy\nCodex committee on Spices and culinary herbs(CCSCH)\nExport Support System and online Submission of Quarterly Export Return\nHelpline for women in distress (7827170170, internalcommitteesbkochi@gmail.com)\n© Spices Board India, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India\nLast Updated:February 23 , 2026",
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0);\">\n\n                    <a style=\"color:#FFF;\" href=\"/spice-news/gst-provisional-registration-details-spices-board.html\" target=\"_blank\">GST provisional registration details of Spices Board</a>\n\n                    <a style=\"color:#FFF;\" href=\"/dailyprice-auctiondetails.html\" target=\"_blank\">New Feature : Click\n                      here for Auction Report </a>\n\n                    <a style=\"color:#FFF;\" href=\"/marketing/price/domestic/daily-price.html\">\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Small Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date of Auction:\n                      23-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Auctioneer:\n                      IDUKKI MAHILA CARDAMOM PRODUCER COMPANY LIMITED,\n\n                      No.of lots:\n                      219,\n\n                      Qty Arrived (Kgs):\n                      51439.5,\n\n                      Qty Sold (Kgs):\n                      50233.9,\n\n                      Max Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      3001.00,\n\n                      Avg. Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      2465.69\n\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Singtam,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1600.00,\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Singtam,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1475.00,\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Gangtok,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1600.00,\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Gangtok,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1450.00,\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Siliguri,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Badadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1682.00,\n\n                      \n                      <b>Spice: Large Cardamom</b>,\n\n                      Date:\n                      19-Feb-2026,\n\n                      Market:\n                      Siliguri,\n\n                      Type:\n                      Chotadana,\n\n                      Price (Rs./Kg):\n                      1530.00,\n\n                      \n                    </a>\n\n                  </marquee>\n\n\n\n\n\n                </div>\n\n              </div>\n\n            </div>\n\n          </div>\n\n          <div class=\"search\" style=\"float: right;margin: 10px -18px 6px 0px;position: relative;\">\n\n            <form action=\"https://indianspices.com/\" method=\"post\" id=\"search-block-form\" accept-charset=\"UTF-8\">\n              <div>\n                <div class=\"container-inline\">\n\n                  <h2 class=\"element-invisible\">Search form</h2>\n\n                  <div class=\"form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-block-form\">\n\n                    <label class=\"element-invisible\" for=\"edit-search-block-form--2\">Search </label>\n\n                    <input style=\"margin-top: 0rem;\" title=\"Enter the terms you wish to 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')\"><img src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/socialMedia/youtube.png\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" alt=\"YouTube\" style=\"margin-left: 0px;\"></a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n                    <!-- <a href=\"http://www.flavourit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"FLAVOURIT - an initiative of Spices Board\"><img src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/top-logo1.jpg\" alt=\"FLAVOURIT Logo\" /></a> -->\n                    <!-- \n<a href=\"http://www.teacoffeespiceofindia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Indian Tea, Coffee & Spices Cultivation, Market & Industry in India\"><img src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/ibef_logo.png\" alt=\"Tea, Coffee Logo\" /></a> -->\n\n                    <!---<a href=\"https://india.gov.in/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"National Portal of India\"><img src=\"https://indianspices.com/sites/all/themes/spices/images/barathsarksar.png\" alt=\"National Portal of India\" height=\"46\" width=\"28\" /></a>\n\n-->\n\n                    <!-- \n\n<a href=\"https://india.gov.in/\" 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src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/chairman_new.jpg\" alt=\"Chairman \" class=\"img_op\" ></div> \n\n                 <div class=\"img1_name\" style=\"width: 140px;\"><p class=\"lb\"><span class=\"lb_na\">Shri A.G.Thankappan\n </span><br><span class=\"lb_ta\"> Chairman </span><br><span class=\"lb_ta\">Spices Board India</span></p></div>\n -->\n            <!-- </div> -->\n\n            <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;\">\n\n\n\n              <a href=\"https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-flag.php\" target=\"_blank\">\n                <img style=\"width: 79px; height: 47px; margin: -2px 10px 41px 5px;\" src=\"/national_flag_inner.jpg\">\n              </a>\n\n              <img style=\"width: 159px; height: 55px; margin: -100px 10px -57px 5px;\" src=\"/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/azadi_logo208.png\">\n\n              <a href=\"https://shebox.wcd.gov.in/\" target=\"_blank\">\n                <img style=\"width: 80x; height: 70px; margin: -4px 10px 30px 5px;\" src=\"/Beti_Bachao_Beti_Padhao_logo.png\">\n              </a>\n\n            </div>\n\n\n            <div class=\"img_scnd\">\n\n              <!-- <div class=\"img2\"><img src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/secretary.jpg\" alt=\"secretary\" class=\"img_os\"></div>  -->\n\n              <!--  <div class=\"img2\"><img src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/secretary.jpg\" alt=\"secretary\" class=\"img_os\" ></div> \n\n                 <div class=\"img2_name\"><p class=\"lb\"><span class=\"lb_na\">Shri D Sathiyan IFS</span><br><span class=\"lb_ta\"> Secretary</span><br><span class=\"lb_ta\">Spices Board India</span></p></div>  -->\n\n            </div>\n\n          </div>\n\n        </div><br>\n\n        <div class=\"wrapper\">\n\n          <div class=\"nav-wrap\">\n\n            <div class=\"navigation effect\">\n\n              <div class=\"region region-navmenu\">\n\n                <div id=\"block-superfish-1\" class=\"block block-superfish\">\n\n\n\n\n\n                  <div class=\"content\">\n\n                    <ul id=\"superfish-1\" class=\"menu sf-menu sf-main-menu sf-horizontal sf-style-none\">\n                      <li id=\"menu-492-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-1 menuparent\"><a href=\"/about-us/overview-about-us.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">About Us</a>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-519-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/about-us/board-members.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Board Members</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-517-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/about-us/constitution.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Constitution</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2428-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-board-act-rules.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spices Board Act &amp; Rules</a>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-660-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/about-us/annual-reports.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Annual Reports</a></li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-1483-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"http://www.spicesboard.in/anil/pismain/staff_deployment_detail.php\" target=\"_blank\"\n                              class=\"sf-depth-2\">Staff Details</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-1483-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in:8004/staffdeployment\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Staff\n                              Details</a></li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-1109-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"http://spicesboard.in/pis/locsearch.php\" target=\"_blank\"\n                              class=\"sf-depth-2\">Board&#039;s Offices</a></li> -->\n                 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Disabilities</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/right-to-information/statement-boards-councils-committees-and-other-bodies-consisting-two-or-more.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Committees</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Public Grievances Redressal</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in/virtual_office/index.php?vc=true\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Video\n                                  Conferencing</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://pgportal.gov.in/\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">CPGRAMS Portal</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in/virtual_office/index.php\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Virtual\n                                  Office</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-652-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://indianspices.com/contact.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Help Desk Support</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul>\n\n                          </li>\n\n                        </ul>\n                      </li>\n\n                      <li id=\"menu-2387-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-1 menuparent\"><a href=\"/spices-development/spice-catalogue.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">Indian\n                          Spices</a>\n                        <!-- <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-1484-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"/spices-development/spice-catalogue.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spice Catalogue</a>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-1020-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"/sites/default/files/spices%20list%20under%20purview%20of%20spices%20board.pdf\"\n                              target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">List of Spices with Botanical Names</a></li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-726-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a\n                              href=\"/spices-development/properties/nutritional-values-of-spices.html\"\n                              class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Properties</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1485-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/spices-development/properties/nutritional-values-of-spices.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Nutritional Values of Spices</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-733-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/spices-development/properties/calorific-value-spices.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Calorific Value of spices</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-734-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/spices-development/properties/medicinal-other-values-spices.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Medicinal &amp; other Properties of Spices</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-736-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/spices-development/properties/chemical-physical-specifications-of-spices.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Chemical and physical specification of spices</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-737-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/sites/default/files/phys_prop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Physical\n                                  Properties of Essential Oils&amp; Flavourants</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-738-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/spices-development/properties/flavor-profile-spices.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Flavour Profile of spices</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-1035-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"/marketing/whole-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spices &amp; Spice Products</a>\n                          </li>\n\n\n                        </ul> -->\n\n                        <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-1484-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2\">India:\n                              Spice bowl of the world</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2412-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Spices Production Data</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1025-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/Major spice wise area production 2024-25 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major Spice wise</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1026-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/majorstatewise areaproduction 2024-25 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">State Wise</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1027-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/Major spice state wise area production 2024-25 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Spice/State Wise</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1027-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/all state item wise area and production of spices 2024-25 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">State Spice Wise</a></li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1484-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/spice-catalogue.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spice Catalogue</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1020-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/spices%20list%20under%20purview%20of%20spices%20board.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">List of Spices with Botanical Names</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1021-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/INDIA_SPICE_MAP.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spice\n                                  map</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-726-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/nutritional-values-of-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Properties</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1485-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/nutritional-values-of-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Nutritional Values of Spices</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-733-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/calorific-value-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Calorific Value of spices</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-734-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/medicinal-other-values-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Medicinal &amp; other Properties of Spices</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-736-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/chemical-physical-specifications-of-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Chemical and physical specification of spices</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-737-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/phys_prop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Physical\n                                      Properties of Essential Oils&amp; Flavourants</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-738-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/properties/flavor-profile-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Flavour Profile of spices</a></li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-723-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Organic Spices</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1023-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/organic-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Overview</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1023-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/organic/Organic_Products.htm\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">National Programme for Organic Production</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1023-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/export_of_organic_spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Export\n                                      Of\n                                      Organic Spices from India</a></li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                                <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Geographical Indication for Spices</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/GI_Guidelines_for_release.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guidelines for obtaining GI Authorised User Certificate</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/List_of_GItags_for_spices_BJ.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">List of GI Tags for Spices</a>\n                                  </li>\n\n                                  <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://online.pubhtml5.com/rjjvw/haap/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">GI\n                                      Spices of India - E-Book</a></li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1035-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/whole-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spices &amp; Spice Products</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-1484-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/global-processing-hub-of-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">India: Global processing\n                              hub of spices</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1035-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/manufacturing_facilities.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Manufacturing facilities</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1035-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS OF SPICES.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Value added products</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n\n                      </li>\n\n\n                      <li id=\"menu-493-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-1 menuparent\"><a href=\"/development-programmes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">Development</a>\n                        <ul>\n\n\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a href=\"/spice-development-agency.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Spice Development\n                              Agency</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2429-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sda.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-2\">SPEDA</a></li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a href=\"/spice-development-agency.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">SPEDA</a>\n                            <!-- <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2429-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sda.html\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-2\">SPEDA</a></li>\n\n                            </ul> -->\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-2413-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <!-- <a\n                            href=\"/development-programmes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Development\n                            Programmes</a> -->\n                            <a href=\"/box5_programmes_schemes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Development\n                              Programmes</a>\n                            <!-- <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2414-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/export_oriented_prod.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Export oriented production</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul> -->\n                          </li>\n\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-1021-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/INDIA_SPICE_MAP.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spice\n                              Growing States</a></li>\n\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-665-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/cultivation-practices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Cultivation Practices</a>\n\n                            <ul>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-670-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a class=\"sf-depth-3\">Cardamom</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-670-1-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://www.indianspices.com/sites/default/files/plant_protection_small.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Small Cardamom</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-670-1-2\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://www.indianspices.com/sites/default/files/plant_protection_large.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Large Cardamom</a></li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-666-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-nutmeg.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Nutmeg</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-668-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-pepper_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Black Pepper</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-667-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-ginger.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Ginger</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-669-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-TURMERIC-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Turmeric</a></li>\n\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-671-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-cinnamon.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Cinnamon</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-672-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-clove.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Clove</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-673-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-vanilla.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Vanilla</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-674-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-Chillli-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Chilli</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-675-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-Coriander-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Coriander</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-676-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-CUMIN-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Cumin</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-677-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-organic package of spices full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Organic Package of Spices for North East Region\n                                  (Black Pepper,\n                                  Ginger, Turmeric &amp; Large Cardamom</a></li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-2423-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/cost-cultivation.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Cost Of Cultivation(Cardamom)</a></li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-718-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\">\n                            <!-- <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\"\n                              class=\"sf-depth-2\">Collaborative Projects with International Agencies</a> -->\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Collaborative Projects</a>\n\n\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_indgap.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">INDGAP</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_stdf.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">STDF</a></li>\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/collaborative_project_nssp.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">NSSP</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/collaborative_project_undpgs1.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">UNDP-GS1</a></li> -->\n                              <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_kera.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">KERA</a></li>\n\n                            </ul>\n\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-718-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-development/harvest-calendar.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Harvest Calendar</a>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-718-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"/sites/default/files/FPO_List_2021.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">List of FPO/FPC</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-718-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/FPOs list_ Nine States.php\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">List of FPO/FPC</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-718-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trade/empanellment_view.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Empanelled manufacturers</a></li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">GI Authorized Users</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/49\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Malabar Pepper</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/72\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Alleppey Green Cardamom</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/78\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Coorg Green Cardamom</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/143\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guntur Sannam Chilli</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/129\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Byadagi Chilli</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <!--Removed Farmers App as per Minutes of the Website Committee Meeting_12th April 2024 -->\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a href=\"/externally-funded-projects.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Spices Board\n                              Farmer's App</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"/sites/default/files/spicesboardapp-release6.apk\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Download\n                                  Farmer's App (Android apk file)</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"/N_895_1614676983375.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guidelines for\n                                  installing the app</a>\n                              </li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li> -->\n                          <!--End-->\n\n                        </ul>\n                      </li>\n                      <li id=\"menu-642-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-1 menuparent\"><a href=\"/research_desc.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">Research</a>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2445-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/indian-cardamom-research-institute-0.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Indian\n                              Cardamom Research Institute</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2444-1\" class=\"sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/facilities.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Facilities</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2440-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/research-highlights-0.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Research Highlights</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                              Plant Protection Code\n                            </a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"/sites/default/files/plant_protection_large.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\" download=\"\">Plant Protection Code for Large Cardamom</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"/sites/default/files/plant_protection_small.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\" download=\"\">Plant Protection Code for Small\n                                  Cardamom</a>\n                              </li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <!-- Cardamom-start  -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-2421-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Cultivation Practices</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\">Small Cardamom</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/Cultivation Practices Small Cardamom Englsih.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\">English</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/Cultivation Practices small cardamom Malayalam(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\">Malayalam</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2425-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\">Large Cardamom\n                                  Cardamom</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-2422-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/Cultivation Practices Large cardamom ENGLISH.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\" attributes-list=\"\">English</a>\n                                  </li>\n\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <!-- Cardamom-end  -->\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-2441-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/service-offered.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Services Offered</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2442-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/major-projects-0.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Major Projects</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2443-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative-projects.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Collaborative Projects</a></li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2446-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a target = \"_blank\" href=\"https://indianspices.com/PLACRO.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Placrosym</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-2443-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/QEL-ICRI.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">QEL ICRI</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2446-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://www.indianspices.com/research/slides.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">CARDAMOM\n                              SiS</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2447-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://cardsapp.spicesboard.org.in/\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">CardSApp</a></li>\n                        </ul>\n                      </li>\n                      <li id=\"menu-498-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-1 menuparent\"><a href=\"/quality.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">Quality</a>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2388-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/quality-evaluation-laboratory.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Quality Evaluation\n                              Laboratory</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2388-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/Laboratories empanelled.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Empanelled\n                              Laboratories</a></li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2396-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a\n                              href=\"/sites/default/files/Quality Policy629.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                              class=\"sf-depth-2\">Quality Policy Statement</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-2402-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/analytical-services-fees.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Analytical Services\n                              &amp; Fees</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2405-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/ChennaiQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Chennai</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2406-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/GunturQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Guntur</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2403-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/KochiQELFORMNo75_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Kochi</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2404-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/MumbaiQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Mumbai</a></li>\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-2407-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/sites/default/files/NarelaQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Narela</a></li> -->\n                              <li id=\"menu-2407-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/NarelaQELFORMNo75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Narela</a></li>\n\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-2408-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/TuticorinQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Tuticorin</a></li> -->\n\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-2408-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/sites/default/files/QEL_TUTICORIN_form75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Tuticorin</a></li> -->\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2408-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/QEL_TUTICORIN_form75_REVISED.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Tuticorin</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2448-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/Kandla_form_75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL\n                                  Kandla</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2448-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/KolkataQELFORMNo75_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL Kolkata</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2448-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/jodhpur_form_75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">QEL\n                                  Jodhpur</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2399-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\">\n                            <!-- <a href=\"/trade/trade-notifications/notificationdetails.html?id=390\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Mandatory Tests for Export</a> -->\n                            <a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/ESS_V2/mapping_list.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Mandatory Tests for Export</a>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/quality/quality-standards/guidelines-quality-improvement.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Quality Standards</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://www.bis.gov.in/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">BIS</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://fssai.gov.in/cms/food-safety-and-standards-regulations.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">FSSAI</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-622-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"https://www.dmi.gov.in/GradesStandard.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">AGMARK</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <!--  <li id=\"menu-623-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n          <a href=\"https://www.astaspice.org/food-safety-technical-guidance/best-practices-and-guidance/cleanliness-specifications/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">ASTA</a>\n        </li> -->\n                              <li id=\"menu-624-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                                <a href=\"http://www.esa-spices.org/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">ESA</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <!--  <li id=\"menu-1508-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n          <a href=\"/http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">EU</a>\n        </li> -->\n                              <li id=\"menu-1506-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://www.astaspice.org/food-safety-technical-guidance/best-practices-and-guidance/cleanliness-specifications/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">ASTA Cleanliness Specifications</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2410-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/mrls-pesticides.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">MRLs for Pesticides</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-2415-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/SPS Requirements for Spices v1.pdf\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">SPS\n                                  Requirements for Spices</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2400-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/training-programmes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Training programmes</a><ul><li id=\"menu-2453-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trainning-chennai.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">CHENNAI</a></li><li id=\"menu-2461-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trainning-delhi.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">DELHI</a></li><li id=\"menu-2454-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/training-programmes-2018-19.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">KOCHI</a></li><li id=\"menu-2452-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trainning-mumbai.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">MUMBAI</a></li></ul></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-1507-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\">\n                            <a href=\"/quality/quality-standards/guidelines-quality-improvement.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guidelines for Quality Improvement</a>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2398-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/E-BRO-NEWONE_29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">e-Brochure of QELs</a></li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-2401-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/app/cstfeed_old/feedback.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Customer Feedback Form</a></li>\n                        </ul>\n                      </li>\n                      <li id=\"menu-742-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-1 menuparent\">\n                        <a href=\"marketing_desc.html\" class=\"sf-depth-1 menuparent\">Marketing</a>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li id=\"menu-655-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Registration &amp; Licensing</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-656-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://www.indianspices.org.in/CRES_new/e-r-o/exporters-registration/form\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Exporters Registration</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1037-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/auctioneer.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Auctioneer</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1038-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/dealer.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Dealer</a></li>\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-1036-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in/Exporter_status/Licensing_Appl_Status.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Status of Application</a></li> -->\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-655-1\" onclick=\"mkrd()\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <!-- <a href=\"/box5_programmes_schemes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Export Development\n                              &amp; Promotion Programmes</a> -->\n\n                            <a href=\"/box5_programmes_schemes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Marketing Programmes\n                            </a>\n\n\n                            <!-- <ul>\n                <li id=\"menu-656-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 menuparent\"><a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/ESS_V2/scheme/scheme_login.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3 menuparent\">Schemes</a></li>\n                <li id=\"menu-1037-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 menuparent\"><a href=\"\" class=\"sf-depth-3 menuparent\">Working Procedure</a>\n                  <ul>\n                    <li id=\"menu-1037-1-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/SCHEME WORKING PROCEDURE 2022-23 REVISED 27102022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Revised Working Procedure, Effective from 27.10.2022</a></li>\n                    <li id=\"menu-1037-1-2\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/sites/default/files/SCHEME WORKING PROCEDURE 2022-23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Working Procedure for the Scheme (Consolidated <br>as on 24.09.2022)</a></li>\n                  </ul>\n                </li>\n                <li id=\"menu-1036-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in/Exporter_status/Licensing_Appl_Status.php\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Status of Application</a></li>\n              </ul> -->\n                          </li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-2411-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\">\n                <a href=\"/sites/default/files/SCHEME_WORKING_PROCEDURE_22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Export Development &amp; Promotion Programmes</a></li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-670-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a href=\"key_schemes.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Key Government scheme for spice\n                              exporters</a>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-743-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/marketing/trade/trade-classification-itc-hs-code.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Trade Information</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-721-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/trade/trade-classification-itc-hs-code.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trade\n                                  Classification (ITC HS) Code</a></li>\n                              <!-- <li id=\"menu-745-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"http://www.spicesboard.in/directory/tis/TraderSearch.php\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trader Directory</a></li> -->\n                              <li id=\"menu-745-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"http://spicesboard.in:8004/traderdirectory\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trader Directory</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-744-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trade/trade-enquiry.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trade Enquiry</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-658-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://www.dgft.gov.in/CP/?opt=ft-policy\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trade Policies</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-658-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://tradestat.commerce.gov.in/meidb/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Trade Statistics</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-1183-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-3 menuparent\">Export</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <!-- <li id=\"menu-1187-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/E102025F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                      class=\"sf-depth-4\">Monthly estimated export</a>\n                                  </li> -->\n                                   <li id=\"menu-1187-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/E112025F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Monthly estimated export</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1186-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/export/major-itemwise-export.html\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major item wise\n                                      export</a></li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1184-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <!-- <a href=\"/sites/default/files/major_country_wise_export_web_f.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major Country</a> -->\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/major country wise export web 2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major Country</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1185-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 sf-no-children\">\n                                    <!-- <a href=\"/sites/default/files/majoritemcountrywise export 2024 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major item/Country</a> -->\n                                    <a href=\"/sites/default/files/majoritemcountrywise export 2025 web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-4\">Major item/Country</a>\n                                  </li>\n\n\n\n\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-1188-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/import.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Import</a></li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-1189-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 menuparent\"><a href=\"/magazines/english/sm-weekly.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3 menuparent\">Price</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <!-- <li id=\"menu-1192-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-4 menuparent\">\n      <a href=\"/international/weekly-price-international.html\" class=\"sf-depth-4 menuparent\">International</a>\n      <ul>\n    <li id=\"menu-2436-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\">\n      <a href=\"/weekly-price-international.html\" title=\"Weekly Price\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Weekly Price</a>\n    </li>\n    <li id=\"menu-2437-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\">\n      <a href=\"/monthly-price-international.html\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Monthly Price</a>\n    </li>\n  </ul>\n</li> -->\n                                  <li id=\"menu-1195-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-4 menuparent\"><a href=\"/marketing/price/domestic/daily-price.html\" class=\"sf-depth-4 menuparent\">Domestic</a>\n                                    <ul>\n                                      <li id=\"menu-1198-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/price/domestic/daily-price.html\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Cardamom\n                                          Price</a></li>\n                                      <li id=\"menu-2438-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/weekly-price-domestic.html\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Weekly Price</a></li>\n                                      <li id=\"menu-2439-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/monthly-price-domestic.html\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Monthly Price</a></li>\n                                      <li id=\"menu-1534-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-5 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/price/domestic/current-market-price.html\" class=\"sf-depth-5\">Current Market Price</a></li>\n                                    </ul>\n                                  </li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n\n\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">International Regulation for Registration</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                                <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\" href=\"/trade/registration_regulations_china.html\">Registration Regulations prescribed\n                                  by\n                                  China</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                                <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">EU General System of Preferences (GSP</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/rules-origin/general-aspects-preferential-origin/a-guide-users-gsp-rules-origin_en\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guide for Users on GSP Rules of Origin</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\" https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/calculation-customs-duties/rules-origin/general-aspects-preferential-origin/arrangements-list/generalised-system-preferences/the_register_exporter_system_en\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">REX – Registered Exporter system</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-622-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                                <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">USA</a>\n                                <ul>\n                                  <li id=\"menu-623-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trade/registration_regulations_USA.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Procedure for\n                                      Registration <br> of Food Facility</a>\n                                  </li>\n                                </ul>\n                              </li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-495-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/spices-parks/overview-spices-parks.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Spices\n                              Parks</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-605-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-parks/spices-park-concept-plan.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">The Concept\n                                  Plan</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-606-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/spices-parks/spices-park-locations.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Location</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-1035-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/whole-spices.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Spices &amp; Spice Products</a>\n                          </li>\n\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-651-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a href=\"/marketing/e-auction.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">e-Auction</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2462-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/dailyprice-auctiondetails.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Auction Details</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2466-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/live-auction-channels.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Live Auction channels</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-2466-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/auction_schedule/\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">Auction Schedule</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\" href=\"/trade/bsm.html\">Buyer Seller Meets(BSM)</a>\n                          </li> -->\n                          <li id=\"menu-722-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/marketing/indian-market-centers.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Indian Market / Trading\n                              Centers</a>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-497-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Export\n                              Support System</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-746-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/ess.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">\n                                  ESS</a></li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-1105-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/ESS\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">\n                                  Quarterly Export Returns Submit</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n                          <li id=\"menu-654-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/trade/marketing-circulars.html\" class=\"sf-depth-2\">Circulars from Marketing\n                              Department</a></li>\n\n\n\n\n                          <!-- <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Geographical Indication for Spices</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/sites/default/files/GI_Guidelines_for_release.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">Guidelines for obtaining GI Authorised User Certificate</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"/sites/default/files/List_of_GItags_for_spices_BJ.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\n                                  class=\"sf-depth-3\">List of GI Tags for Spices</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                              <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a\n                                  href=\"https://online.pubhtml5.com/rjjvw/haap/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">GI\n                                  Spices of India - E-Book</a></li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li> -->\n\n\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Collaborative Projects and Schemes</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_DEH.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">DEH</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-620-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_AEP.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">AEP</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_ODOP.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">ODOP</a>\n                              </li>\n                              <li id=\"menu-621-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/collaborative_project_TIES.html\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">TIES</a>\n                              </li>\n                            </ul>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <li id=\"menu-618-1\" class=\"middle sf-depth-2 menuparent\">\n                            <a href=\"https://indianspices.com/spice-news/details.html?id=153\" class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">Help Desk for Export</a>\n                          </li>\n\n                          <!--TBT-SPS changes-->\n                          <li id=\"menu-497-1\" class=\"last sf-depth-2 menuparent\"><a class=\"sf-depth-2 menuparent\">TBT/SPS</a>\n                            <ul>\n                              <li id=\"menu-746-1\" class=\"first sf-depth-3 sf-no-children\"><a href=\"/tbt-sps-notifications.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sf-depth-3\">\n                                  Notifications</a>\n                              </li>\n\n                            </ul>\n                        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class=\"content\">\n                  <div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n                    <div class=\"field-items\">\n                      <div class=\"field-item even\" property=\"content:encoded\">\n                        <p style=\"font-size:19px;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 25px;\"><strong>SMALL CARDAMOM</strong></p>\n\n\n                        <p><strong>CROP IMPROVEMENT &amp; BIOTECHNOLOGY</strong></p>\n                        <p>\n                        </p><p>\n                          Inventorisation and collection of small cardamom germplasm were undertaken periodically in the\n                          forests of Western Ghats and plantations in the cardamom tract of South India since 1979.\n                          Conserved a total of 804 small cardamom accessions and 22 accessions of allied genera in the\n                          National Conservatory of Cardamom Germplasm at Myladumpara &amp; Sakleshpur centres.\n                          Evaluation trials were carried out to identify genetic variants of cardamom from various\n                          habitats\n                          for exploitation in crop improvement programmes.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Released eight high yielding cardamom selections/hybrids suitable for different cardamom\n                          growing zones through State/ Central Variety release committees viz.,\n                        </p>\n                        <ol>\n                          <li>ICRI-l, ICRI-2, ICRI-5, ICRI-6, ICRI-7 (for Kerala Zone)</li>\n                          <li>ICRI-3 &amp; ICRI-8 (for Karnataka Zone) </li>\n                          <li> ICRI-4 (for Tamil Nadu Zone).</li>\n                        </ol>\n                        <p></p>\n                        <p>\n                          ICRI has developed a new promising cardamom variety (accession no. 594) with\n                          desirable biotic and abiotic characters, through natural selection, genetic upgradation\n                          and evaluation during 2021-22. This clone is registered with NBPGR,\n                          New Delhi as a unique variety with a yield potential of 3,000 kg /ha under moderate\n                          management.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Studied the breeding behaviour and pollen biology of cardamom.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Prepared a floristic calendar of the cardamom tract.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Conserved different herbal spices like Sage, Salvia, Mint, Marjoram, Rosemary, Horse radish,\n                          Oregano, Basil, Celery etc. in the nursery.\n                        </p>\n\n\n\n\n                        <p>\n                        </p><div>\n                          <div style=\"float: left;\">\n                            <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__863 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_1.jpg\" style=\"height:216px; margin-bottom:-22px; margin-top:10px; width:320px\">\n                            <h4 style=\"margin-left: 139px;\"><strong> ICRI-5</strong></h4>\n                          </div>\n\n                          <div>\n                            <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__863 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_2.jpg\" style=\"height:216px; margin-bottom:-22px; margin-top:10px; width:320px;    margin-left: 27px;\">\n                            <h4 style=\"margin-left: 139px;\"><strong> New promising cardamom variety (Accession no.\n                                594)</strong></h4>\n                          </div>\n                        </div>\n\n\n\n                        <p><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__865 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_3.jpg\" style=\"height:241px; width:322px\">\n                          <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__866 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_4.jpg\" style=\"height:242px; margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; width:322px\">\n                        </p>\n                        <h4 style=\"margin-left: 139px;\"><strong> Released varieties of small cardamom</strong></h4>\n                        <p><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__865 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_5.jpg\" style=\"height:241px; width:322px\">\n                          <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__866 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Research_ICRI_new_6.jpg\" style=\"height:242px; margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; width:322px\">\n                        </p>\n                        <h4 style=\"margin-left: 139px;\"><strong> Cardamom hybrids developed at RRS Saklespur</strong>\n                        </h4>\n                        <p>\n\n                          A full-fledged Biotechnology Lab of the institute has undertaken research on genetic diversity\n                          of\n                          cardamoms, molecular diagnostics of diseases of cardamoms &amp; black pepper. Carried out gender\n                          specific markers in nutmeg and identified genes related to disease resistance. Passport Data\n                          sheets\n                          including Molecular Marker Data were prepared for small and large cardamom accessions under\n                          germplasm characterization programme. A variety specific molecular marker was generated for\n                          small cardamom malabar cultivar. Characterization of <i>Fusarium</i> affecting cardamom was\n                          undertaken. Putative genes related to fungal and viral disease tolerance in small and large\n                          cardamom respectively were explored through transcriptome analyses. Transcriptomes of large\n                          cardamom chirke virus disease and those of small cardamom capsule rot disease were generated\n                          for the first time and studied for genes related to resistance/tolerance. DNA fingerprinting\n                          studies\n                          of Indian cardamom and Guatemalan cardamom was carried out as part of identifying and\n                          discriminating cardamom of different geographic origins in market samples.\n                        </p>\n\n                        <p>\n                          Micropropagation systems were developed for Small cardamom, Large cardamom, Vanilla, Black\n                          pepper,\n                          Ginger, Turmeric, Tree spices viz-Clove, Garcinia, Tamarind, Curry leaf and Herbal spices viz.\n                          Oregano, Mint, Sage, Thyme\n                          and technologies were scaled up for large scale production and protocols were transferred on a\n                          MoU to Biotech firms for further utilization.\n                          Short- &amp; Long-Term Training on TC techniques was extended to 110 youth from BPL families on\n                          collaboration with ‘Kudumbashree’\n                          a Govt. of Kerala project on poverty alleviation and empowerment of rural women.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Protocol for Interspecific hybridization was standardized using embryo rescue methods for\n                          different vanilla species.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          The elite small cardamom clone (MCC 549) developed by the division is notified as a unique\n                          variety by ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi and assigned IC No.645601 for National Identity.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          The two cardamom hybrids developed by ICRI Myladumpara are notified by ICAR-NBPGR and assigned\n                          IC numbers MHC-1 and MHC-2 as IC645599 and IC645600 respectively. These were evaluated for\n                          consecutive four years and initiated action for submitting the variety release proposal to\n                          Kerala State Varietal Release Committee for plantation crops.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Molecular characterizations and profiling of total 50 accessions of small cardamom including\n                          released varieties as well as landraces was carried out. Passport data sheets of all the\n                          accessions are under compilation.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Molecular characterization of Fusarium isolates from small cardamom - Gene sequencing of\n                          fifteen Fusarium isolates were carried out using selective primers.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Developed new LCCV (Large Cardamom Chirke Virus) – specific primer for chirke virus indexing.\n                        </p>\n\n\n                        <p><strong>AGRONOMY &amp; SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION</strong></p>\n\n\n                        <p>\n                          Package of practices covering various agro techniques such as nursery preparation,\n                          planting methods, nutrient management and judicious irrigation schedules were developed and\n                          transferred to the planters.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          An economic schedule of soil cum foliar application of fertilizers for cardamom has been\n                          formulated which results\n                          in 33% saving in fertilizer costs as compared to soil application. Developed remedial measure\n                          for zinc and Boron deficiency.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Soil Analysis &amp; Fertilizer recommendations are being carried out regularly. The institute has\n                          analyzed more than 1,00,000 cardamom\n                          soil samples received from planters of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and most judicious and\n                          balanced recommendations were given.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          ICRI had carried out the fertility mapping of 52 Panchayaths and one Municipality of Idukki\n                          district under the multi-institutional project on “Soil Based Plant Nutrient Management Plan\n                          for Agro Ecosystem of Kerala”. The study highlighted acidification of soil,\n                          very high phosphorus content of soil (&gt; 25 kg ha-1), deficiency of secondary nutrients like\n                          calcium and sulphur and micronutrient boron.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Characterised the cardamom capsules from Cardamom Hill Reserve (CHR) of Idukki district in\n                          Kerala with respect to\n                          oil content, its volatile components, oleoresin and physical quality parameters like litre\n                          weight, size of the capsule, seed husk ratio etc.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Integrated Nutrient Management of cardamom cultivation was developed.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          In order to improve the fertiliser use efficiency, a schedule for drenching of fertilisers in\n                          the plant base was standardised.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Eco-friendly farm practices, organic production systems and GAP for cardamoms were\n                          systematized.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Farm Mechanization programmes\n                          for cardamom cultivation were undertaken. Evaluated various mechanical devices such as weeder,\n                          washing machine, pitmaker as well as cardamom driers viz. Biomass gasifier model of cardamom\n                          drier and other improved cardamom driers for carrying out various farm operations in cardamom\n                          plantations.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Monitoring of pesticide residues at farm gate level in cardamom ecosystem is being undertaken.\n                          Weather data is recorded every day, compiled and studied for crop weather interactions and\n                          provided to various stake holders.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Foliar application of ‘ICRI cardamom special’, a nutrient formulation; resulted in significant\n                          improvement in the yield of cardamom.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          A Mobile application (CardS App) for site specific fertiliser recommendation was developed as\n                          an output of the collaborative project (with ICRI Spices Board, Rubber Board and Digital\n                          University of Kerala) entitled ‘Integrating GIS based soil fertility assessment of cardamom\n                          tract and app-based fertilizer recommendation for climate resilient cardamom cultivation’.\n                        </p>\n                        <p>\n                          Compiled and published the trends in climate variability and cropping system changes in\n                          various spices of Kerala state.\n                        </p>\n\n\n                        <p><strong>CROP PROTECTION DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <p>\n                          Plant Protection Code (PPC) for small &amp; large cardamom was prepared and published. Survey on\n                          diseases of small and large cardamom was\n                          carried out in order to ascertain incidence and severity of major diseases for formulation of\n                          Integrated Diseases Management strategies.\n                          The model for prediction of capsule rot disease in small cardamom in Kerala using weather data\n                          and disease incidence was undertaken with\n                          the help of CYMMACS, Bangalore. Disease escapes of small &amp; large cardamoms collected from\n                          different zones were screened and evaluated for\n                          tolerance studies in hot spot areas. Trials on blight disease escape lines of large cardamom\n                          are progressing in Sikkim. Small\n                          cardamom accessions were screened for Katte virus disease tolerance. Studied and identified\n                          the major viral diseases chirke &amp; foorkey of\n                          large cardamom, and disease transmission, survival and management strategies were worked out.\n                          New diseases reported were analysed using\n                          molecular markers such as on small cardamom ‘Phyllody’ or abnormal tiller from regions of\n                          Idukki district. Local strains of Bioagents\n                          were evaluated in the field for the management of rot pathogens in cardamom.\n                          Soil application of dolomite and its combinations were found to reduce the population of soil\n                          borne fungal pathogens in cardamom.\n                        </p>\n\n                        <ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-roman\">\n                          <li>The study was conducted on the effect of ozone (200mg/h) for\n                            removal of pesticide residue from fresh cardamom. Results showed ozone could remove\n                            pesticides from 35-87%.</li>\n                          <li>The pesticides such as Copper oxychloride, Fosetyl Aluminium and Diafenthiuron (registered\n                            under CIB &amp;RC)\n                            were found compatible with fertilizers like urea, DAP and MOP in tank mixes. </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Fungicides were evaluated for the management of rot diseases in small cardamom. It was\n                            observed that highest reduction of capsule\n                            rot and rhizome rot were noticed in the plot treated with as Dimethomorph 50WP (0.2%),\n                            Fosetyl-Al 80WP (0.2%) and COC 50WP (0.2%) + B.M. (1.0%).\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Identified and characterised causal organisms of capsule rot, rhizome rots and nursery rots\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Developed Integrated Disease Management (IDM) strategies\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Identified tolerant lines of <i>Phytophthora</i> from germplasm accessions\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Recommended the biocontrol agent <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. for controlling capsule rot, rhizome\n                            and seedling rot diseases\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Produced Bioagents viz, <i>Trichoderma</i> &amp; <i>Pseudomonas</i> and supplied to farmers\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Mass multiplication protocol was\n                            developed for VAM which was found effective in improving growth and vigour and in protecting\n                            cardamom seedlings from soil borne pathogens.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Developed management strategies for <i>fusarium</i> diseases of small cardamom.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Identified pathogens of vanilla and herbal spices, control methods developed.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Initiated studies on mathematical modelling for prediction of capsule rot disease outbreak\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Studied Climate change impact on disease occurrence in cardamom.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>The treatment Fluopicolide 4.44 % + Fosetyl-Al 66.67 % WG (Profiler) @ 2500 g/ha was found\n                            most effective followed by Fluopicolide 4.44 % + Fosetyl-Al 66.67 % WG (Profiler) @ 2250\n                            g/ha in controlling rhizome rot and azhukal disease (capsule rot) of small cardamom in\n                            comparison to existing recommended fungicide Fosetyl Al 80 % WP @ 3000 g/ha.</li>\n                          <li>Four fungicides were evaluated in a field trial for the control of rhizome rot in small\n                            cardamom. The maximum reduction in disease incidence was noted in Fenamidone + Mancozeb\n                            followed by Tebuconazole.</li>\n                          <li>Four fungicides were evaluated in a field trial for the control of leaf blight in small\n                            cardamom. The maximum reduction in disease incidence was noted in Tebuconazole followed by\n                            Hexaconazole and Carbendazim+Mancozeb.</li>\n\n                        </ol>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <h4 style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\"><strong>Bioagent Production</strong></h4>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__870 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled17.jpg\" style=\"height:194px; width:206px\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__871 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled18.jpg\" style=\"height:194px; width:142px\"></p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:63.8pt\">&nbsp;</p>\n\n                        <p>\n                        </p><ul>\n                          <li>Recommended effective insecticides at minimum concentration to planters.</li>\n                          <li>Brought down the number of insecticide applications to 5-7 per year from 12-14\n                            sprays/year, thus reducing the quantity of pesticides and the application cost.</li>\n                          <li>The technology of pruning of dried cardamom leaves (cultural control) during February, and\n                            application of five sprays of insecticides/year on the lower one third portion of cardamom\n                            plants have proved effective and economical for thrips control, as was demonstrated in\n                            planters’ fields.</li>\n                          <li>Pesticide spray schedule for Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu cardamom plantations was\n                            formulated for effective management of major and minor pests in small cardamom.</li>\n                          <li>IPM consisting of mechanical control of beetles and chemical control of grubs have been\n                            worked out for cardamom root grub management and has been demonstrated in planters’ fields.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>An effective management strategy for whitefly was also evolved (with behavioural control -\n                            trapping adult fly with yellow sticky trap and also spraying of neem oil suspension at 0.5%\n                            on the lower surface of leaves for control of nymphs) and being recommended.</li>\n                          <li>New insecticide molecules were evaluated for the management of major insect pests in small\n                            cardamom. </li>\n                          <li>Evaluated new insecticide molecule, Hunk (Acephate-95% SG) in different agroclimatic zones\n                            and sent report for label expansion for use in small cardamom against major insect pests\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Evaluated EPN infected Galleria cadavers on soil pests of small cardamom, among them EPN @\n                            4 Lakhs ijs recorded cent percent damage on root grub and 40-45% on root knot nematode\n                            (RKN).</li>\n                          <li>\n                            The final report has been submitted to Central Insecticide Board and registration committee,\n                            CIB&amp;RC of the external funded research project on “Evaluation of Rallis insecticide, Hunk\n                            (Acephate 95% SG) on major insect pests viz. thrips and borer in small cardamom” through M/s\n                            Rallis India Limited for label expansion of Acephate 95% SG &nbsp;in small cardamom.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Field evaluation of bio-efficacy of&nbsp;newer molecules viz., Spinetoram, Spirotetramat,\n                            Flupyradifurone, Afidopyropen and Chlorantranilipriole revealed that different doses of\n                            Spinetoram was effective against thrips and shoot, capsule and panicle borer pest of small\n                            cardamom.\n                          </li>\n\n                        </ul>\n                        <p></p>\n                        <p><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__872 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled19.jpg\" style=\"height:225px; margin-left:50px; margin-right:50px; width:252px\">\n                          <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__873 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled20.jpg\" style=\"height:224px; width:290px\">\n                        </p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;\n\n                        </p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n                        <p>\n                        </p><h4 style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>EPN cadavers &amp; application to cardamom</strong></h4>\n                        <p></p>\n                        <p>\n                          <!-- <img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__874 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled21.jpg\" style=\"height:266px; margin:10px 50px; width:593px\" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p> -->\n\n                        </p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS- LARGE CARDAMOM</strong></p>\n                        <p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n                        <p><strong>A) &nbsp; CROP IMPROVEMENT DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Released two high yielding varieties: ICRI Sikkim 1 &amp; ICRI Sikkim 2 by selection (yield\n                            potential 800 kg / ha) from Sawney cultivar.</li>\n                          <li>Survey was carried out for the collection of large cardamom germplasm/accessions and wild\n                            Amomum at different areas of Sikkim, Kalimpong and Darjeeling districts of West Bengal;\n                            Aalo, Siang, East Siang, West Siang districts of Arunachal\n                            Pradesh and Mon district of Nagaland. </li>\n                          <li>Germplasm conservatory established and maintained at ICRI, Research farm at Pangthang\n                            (1990 m MSL) and Kabi (1620 m MSL) farm based on high yielding, disease and pest tolerant,\n                            biotic and abiotic stress tolerant lines since 1986.</li>\n                          <li>Crossing work was carried out between the selected lines to develop hybrid with desired\n                            characters. Selection process of large cardamom accessions is going on for specific traits\n                            like location specificity, abiotic stress tolerant.</li>\n                          <li>High yielding genotypes like SCC 106 (1257 kg/ha), SCC 89 (1064 kg/ha), SCC 89 (1065\n                            kg/ha), SCC 88 (1016 kg/ha) and SCC 72 (660 kg/ha) selected from the PET were clonally\n                            multiplied. </li>\n                          <li>Laid out two new trials of large cardamom (Bomdila West Kameng district of Arunachal\n                            Pradesh and Lower PR Hills Kohima in Nagaland) for studying the performance of Dzongu Golsey\n                            and Varlangey cultivars in these locations under AICRP on Spices.</li>\n                        </ul>\n\n\n                        <p><strong>B) &nbsp; AGRONOMY AND SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Economic life span of Sawney cultivar of large cardamom was fifteen years after planting\n                            by adopting improved agro techniques at Sikkim condition.</li>\n                          <li>Fertility status of large cardamom from soils has been evaluated. </li>\n                          <li>Foliar application of Borax @ 0.5 % with Soil application of Borax @ 2.5 kg /ha recorded\n                            the highest dry yield of 561.0 kg/ha with benefit cost ratio 2.49:1compare to control.</li>\n                          <li>In-situ soil moisture conservation practices, surface mulching recorded significantly\n                            higher soil moisture content, however trench across the slope + Biomass in trench recorded\n                            the highest dry yield of 317.94 kg/ha with highest benefit: cost ratio of 2.89:1 compared to\n                            control.</li>\n                          <li>Combined application of Zn, Mn and Mg @ 0.5gm lit-1 recorded the maximum values of growth\n                            parameters and highest dry yield (651.12 kg ha-1) of large cardamom as compare to other\n                            treatments.</li>\n                          <li>Application of Zn, Mn and Mg @10 kg ha-1 observed the highest dry yield (574.10 kg ha-1)\n                            of large cardamom as compare to control.</li>\n                        </ul>\n\n                        <p><strong>C) &nbsp; PATHOLOGY DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Identified Chirke [Large cardamom chirke virus (LCCV)] and Foorkey [Cardamom bushy dwarf\n                            virus (CBDV) ] as major viral diseases causing enormous loss to the crop. Disease\n                            transmission mode, survival and management were worked out.</li>\n                          <li>A survey on diseases of large cardamom was carried out in different locations of Sikkim,\n                            Kalimpong and Darjeeling districts of West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh in order to\n                            ascertain incidence and severity of major diseases and also formulated Integrated Diseases\n                            Management.</li>\n                          <li>The blight pathogen <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> was isolated from the diseased\n                            samples such as pseudo stem rot, leaf blight, infected spikes and capsules collected from\n                            various locations and the disease cycle was constructed.</li>\n                          <li>Among the various cultivars Varlangey registered maximum blight disease incidence (15%)\n                            followed by ICRI Sikkim-2 (10.5%), Sawney (7.5%), Dzongu Golsey (7.0%) and ICRI\n                            Sikkim-1(6.5%). Minimum disease infection was recorded for cultivar Seremna (4.0 %) in the\n                            field.</li>\n                          <li>Treating suckers with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.3%) or copper oxychloride (0.3%) showed\n                            significantly less incidence of blight (6.2 &amp; 4.1% respectively which were on par) as\n                            compared to control (14.6%). While in organic cultivation, treating the sucker with\n                            bio-agents (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens + Bacilus subtilis</i> , 5% each) was the most\n                            promising one.</li>\n                          <li>In organic cultivation practices, prophylactic spraying and drenching with 3-4 lit\n                            solution of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> @ 5 % during April last week or May 1st week and\n                            again in August &amp; September found effective in reducing the blight disease. </li>\n                          <li>Two other two fungal diseases, leaf streak and Phoma leaf spot were identified and their\n                            management approach also suggested. </li>\n                          <li>Native bio control agents were identified, mass multiplied and supplied to farmers based\n                            on the demand for disease management under organic system of cultivation in Sikkim and\n                            Darjeeling district of West Bengal. </li>\n                          <li>Native bio control agents were identified, mass multiplied and supplied to farmers based\n                            on the demand for disease management under organic system of cultivation in Sikkim and\n                            Darjeeling district of West Bengal. </li>\n\n                        </ul>\n                        <p><strong>D) &nbsp; ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>The occurrence of pests and natural enemies were recorded through surveillance. The\n                            Integrated Pest management (IPM) schedule for large cardamom was formulated for management\n                            of leaf caterpillar (<i>Artona chorista Jordon</i>), shoot fly (<i>Merochlorops dimorphus\n                              Cherian</i>), stem borer (<i>Glyphipterix </i>sp.) and white grub (<i>Holotichia</i>\n                            Spp.).\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Soil samples of large cardamom plantations from different altitude of Sikkim, Darjeeling\n                            and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal collected and analysis revealed presence of six\n                            different nematodes viz., <i>Helicotylecchus</i> spp., <i>Hoplolaimus</i> sp.,\n                            <i>Tylenchorhynchus</i> <i>annulatus</i>, <i>Pratylenchus</i> sp., <i>Meloidogyne incognita\n                            </i>and<i>Criconematids</i> with varying level of nematode count.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Work related to identifying the capsule borer of large cardamom was initiated and capsule\n                            samples from different altitudes of large cardamom growing areas of Sikkim and Darjeeling &amp;\n                            Kalimpong districts of West Bengal elevations and found that incidence ranges from 0.8 to\n                            3.5 % and in old plantations incidence were more compared to new plantations.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Pollinators of the large cardamom were enlisted and their frequency of visit was studied\n                            in different altitudes. The main pollinators recorded are bumble bees (<i>Bombus\n                              haemorrhoidalis</i> Smith) and (<i>Bumbus breviceps</i> Smith). Information on role of\n                            pollinators towards optimum capsule and seed setting was generated.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Study on the efficacy of neem kernel aqueous extract (NKAE) in management of white grub in\n                            large cardamom with NKAE and other bioagents <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Metarrhizium\n                              anisopliae</i> it was found that that <i>M. anisopliae </i>10.0 g/lit of water gave the\n                            highest control (79.10 %) followed by NKAE 5% + 1.0 % surfactant (73.0 %) and B. bassiana @\n                            10.0 g/ lit of water (69.6%).\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Three new insect’s viz. <i>Melolontha</i> sp. nr. furcicauda Ancey (Scarabidae :\n                            Melolonthinae), <i>Anomala dimidiate</i> ( Hope ) ( Scarabidae : Rutelinae ),\n                            <i>Bhahmina</i> sp (Scarabidae : Melolonthinae ) were reported from large cardamom\n                            ecosystem.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>\n                            Himalayan palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i> C.E.H. Smith), Prcupine (<i>Erethizon\n                              dorsatum</i>), Indian wild boar, Musk deer ( <i>Sus scrofa</i>L), Rodent and Monkey are\n                            reported as mammalian pest causing damage to cardamom plants, spike and capsule.\n                          </li>\n\n                        </ul>\n                        <p><strong>E) &nbsp; POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY DIVISION</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Scientifically improved large cardamom bhatti system was developed by the ICRI, RRS Tadong\n                            has been popularized by Spices Board (Dev) in Gangtok and Guwahati Region covering entire\n                            large cardamom growing tracts in India through subsidized schemes.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>The study was carried out for standardizing sieve size for capsule gradation. Established\n                            linkage with manufacturer of sieves for gradating large cardamom capsules as per the\n                            specifications for supplying to SHGs.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Capsule gradation of large cardamom were carried out and standardized five grades based on\n                            size of the capsule.\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n                        <div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n                          <p style=\"text-align: center;font-size:19px;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 25px;\">\n                            <strong>TECHNOLOGY RELEASED</strong></p>\n\n                          <p>\n                            Biofortified coffee pulp compost prepared by mixing with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and rock\n                            phosphate (5 kg each of the three in one ton of raw coffee pulp and composted for three\n                            months) may\n                            be applied at the rate of 2 kg / plant in two splits a year for cardamom under Karnataka\n                            conditions.\n                            (Manoj Oommen, Harsha K N &amp; Noolvi I R)\n                          </p>\n                          <p>\n                            Cardamom can be cured in Heat pump assisted dehydrator (HPAD) dryer at a temperature of 500C\n                            for\n                            5 hours and then gradually increasing by 2-50C up to 750C and holding for half an hour. The\n                            total\n                            time required is 24 hours. (John Jo Varghese &amp; Manoj Oommen)\n                          </p>\n                          <p>\n                            Spraying of Fluopicolide 4.44% + Fosetyl-Al 66.67% WG (Profiler) @ 2500 g/ha or @ 2250 g/ha\n                            in\n                            recommended to control rhizome rot &amp; capsule rot. (Awaiting approval of CIB &amp; RC) (K\n                            Dhanapal, K A\n                            Saju &amp; Harsha K N)\n                          </p>\n                          <p>\n                            Acephate 95% SG @ 1000 g / ha can be used for the effective control of capsule damage due to\n                            thrips and shoot, panicle &amp; capsule damage by borer. (P Thiyagarajan, M A Ansar Ali, K\n                            Dhanapal and\n                            A B Rema Shree)\n                          </p>\n                        </div>\n         \n                        <p style=\"font-size:19px;margin-top: 35px;margin-bottom: 25px;\"><strong>LARGE\n                            CARDAMOM</strong></p>\n                        <p><strong>Crop improvement</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Two unique germplasm collected from Darjeeling District of West Bengal and planted in\n                            isolation under observation.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Hybridized seedlings (F1) morpho-metric characterization under progress. New set of\n                            hybridization work carried out and seed obtained were sown in seed bed for germination.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Comparative study on growth behavior of germplasm under study of “Screening of drought\n                            tolerant lines” in irrigated and after withholding of water for certain period as well as\n                            Stomatal index was carried out.\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n\n                        <p><strong>Agronomy</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>“Production potential of large cardamom under diverse organic management practices”.\n                            Treatment imposed as per schedule and plant morphometric data were recorded.\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n\n                        <p><strong>Entomology</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Bioassay study of Artona chorista caterpillars revealed that the caterpillar dispersed\n                            more( 56.25%) in Leaf Treatment Methods compared to Topical Application Methods ( 25.00 % )\n                            when used ash with water @ 1:4 (w/v) and spray @10 times dilution in laboratory conditions.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Capsule borer egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time and adult survivorship\n                            were recorded in laboratory condition, result revealed that development time of each life\n                            stages were significantly affected by temperature and relative humidity. One\n                            entomo-pathogenic fungus found naturally affecting capsule borer larvae and pupa, which was\n                            isolated and identification &amp;bio-assay study under progress.\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n                        <p><strong>Entomology</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Bioassay study of Artona chorista caterpillars revealed that the caterpillar dispersed\n                            more( 56.25%) in Leaf Treatment Methods compared to Topical Application Methods ( 25.00 % )\n                            when used ash with water @ 1:4 (w/v) and spray @10 times dilution in laboratory conditions.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Capsule borer egg incubation period, larval-pupal development time and adult survivorship\n                            were recorded in laboratory condition, result revealed that development time of each life\n                            stages were significantly affected by temperature and relative humidity. One\n                            entomo-pathogenic fungus found naturally affecting capsule borer larvae and pupa, which was\n                            isolated and identification &amp;bio-assay study under progress.\n                          </li>\n                        </ul>\n                        <p><strong>Pathology</strong></p>\n                        <ul>\n                          <li>Surveys revealed that blight, leaf streak, leaf rust and dry rot was prevalent throughout\n                            the year. The incidence of blight, leaf streak and leaf rust were high during April to\n                            September whereas wilt/dry rot incidence was high during October to June.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>White Furled Leaf disorder was proved to be due to nutrient deficiency, Application of\n                            agricultural lime in the soil (@100g /plant) followed by the foliar application of\n                            micronutrient formulation (50 g in 10 Litres of Water), two rounds at fortnightly intervals\n                            can rectify the problem.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>The application of paraffinic oil (0.5 % or 1.0%) in combination with bioagents (1.5%)\n                            provided significant reduction in controlling foliar blight incidence and was on par with\n                            Bordeaux mixture application (1.0%). It also provided significant protection next to\n                            Bordeaux mixture in controlling rust disease.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Biopriming with microbial inoculants (Azotobacter + PSB + K mobiliser) significantly\n                            improved seed germination and seedling growth of large cardamom.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Among various organic substrates tested for Trichoderma, naximum population was obtained\n                            in large cardamom spike followed by paddy straw, large cardamom pseudostem and mixed leaves.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>Soil application of cashew shell (1.0 %) was comparable with Bioagents (2. 0%) in reducing\n                            the soil borne diseases and also in improving the overall plant growth under nursery\n                            conditions.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>MoU had been done with the HDRI, Govt of Uttarakhand for collaborative work in the field\n                            of Research and development of large cardamom in Uttarakhand.\n                          </li>\n                          <li>A Co-ordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) on large cardamom with the promising genotypes was\n                            initiated based on the decision of XXXIII Annual General Meeting (AGM) of AICRPS.\n                          </li>\n\n                        </ul>\n\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:.5in\">&nbsp;</p>\n\n\n                        <p style=\"margin-left:.5in\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"attr__format__media_original attr__typeof__foaf:Image img__fid__876 img__view_mode__media_original media-image\" src=\"sites/default/files/Untitled23.jpg\" style=\"height:308px; margin-left:125px; margin-right:125px; width:411px\"></p>\n                      </div>\n                    </div>\n                  </div>\n                  <p style=\"margin-left:0.5in; text-align:center\"><strong>Large cardamom capsules cured using ICRI\n                      Improved Bhatti</strong></p>\n\n                  <p>&nbsp;</p>\n\n                </div>\n\n              </div>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n      </div>\n\n    </div> <!-- /.section, /#content -->\n\n  </div>\n\n</div> <!-- /#main, /#main-wrapper -->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"region region-footer\">\n  <div id=\"block-block-2\" class=\"block block-block\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"content\">\n      \n\n<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"current_page\" value=\"/research-highlights-0.html\">\n\n\n\n<div id=\"main-wrapper\">\n<div id=\"main\" class=\"clearfix\">\n    <div id=\"content\" class=\"section\" style=\"background: #f2f2f2\">\n        <div class=\"section\">\n\n            <div style=\"display:\" class=\"breadcrumb-back\"><button id=\"back-button\" onclick=\"goBack()\">Back</button></div>\n            \n        </div>\n    </div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\" id=\"footer\"> <!-- #footer -->\n\n    <div class=\"wrapper1\">\n\n\n            <div class=\"fllterleft\" style=\"width: 78%\">\n\n                <ul>\n\n                \t                    \t<li>\n\n                        \t<a href=\"/citizens-charter.html\">Citizens Charter</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n                        \n\n                                        \t<li style=\"width:598px\">\n\n                        \t<a href=\"/lodge-complaint.html\">Lodge Complaint</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n                        \n\n                             \n\n                                <li>\n\n                          \n                                <a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/CRES_new/e-r-o/exporters-registration/form/Registration.php\">Online Exporter Registration</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n                          \n\n                        \n\n                                        \t<li>\n\n                        \t<a href=\"/spices-dyed-garments.html\">Spices dyed Garments</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n                        \n\n                                        \t<li style=\"width:598px\">\n\n                        \t<a href=\"/website-policy.html\">Website Policy</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n                               <li style=\"width:384px\">\n\n                            <a href=\"http://ccsch.in/\">Codex committee on Spices and culinary herbs(CCSCH)</a>\n\n                        </li>\n                                    <li style=\"width:485px;\">\n\n                            <!-- <a href=\"http://spicespromo.blogspot.in/\">Spices Facets</a> -->\n                                <a href=\"https://indianspices.org.in/ESS/\">Export Support System and online Submission of Quarterly Export Return</a>\n\n                        </li>\n\n            <li style=\"width:598px\">\n            \n                <a href=\"https://www.ncwwomenhelpline.in/\" target=\"_blank\">Helpline for women in distress (7827170170, internalcommitteesbkochi@gmail.com)\n                </a>\n               \n\n            \n        </li>\n        \n\n     </ul>\n\n            </div>\n<div style=\"float:right;\">\n            <a href=\"/videos.html\"><img width=\"54%\" src=\"/sites/all/themes/spices/images/footer-img.png\" alt=\"Videos\" title=\"Videos\"></a></div>\n\n            <div class=\"clear\"></div>\n\n            \n\n        </div>\n\n        <div class=\"clear\"></div>\n\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"copyrights\">\n\n\t<div class=\"footer-left\">©&nbsp;Spices Board India, Ministry of Commerce &amp; 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