1a299 { "metadata": { "url": "https://teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/NDQ=", "title": "\n\tFAQ\n", "meta_description": "FAQ", "meta_keywords": "FAQ" }, "content": "FAQ\nWelcome to TEA BOARD INDIA\nScreen reader access\nA+\nA\nA-\nSkip to main content\nAccessibility Options\nEnglish\nहिंदी\nNotice for non submission of quarterly return by the registered Buyers of Tea Board during the period from January 2025 to June 2025.\nHome\nTea Development\nList of Small Tea Growers\nActivities\nSchemes\nDetails Schemes\nResearch\nPriority Areas\nNews / Events\nTea For Healthy Living\nPublications of DTR&DC\nDTRDC\nQuality Control Laboratory\nPublications of UPASI TRF\nPublications of TRA\nPromotion\nInternational Events\nDomestic Events\nAbout Tea\nStandard Operating Procedures (SOPs)\nVarieties\nDarjeeling\nAssam\nNilgiri\nKangra\nDooars-Terai\nMasala Tea\nSikkim\nTripura\nStatistics\nProduction\nExport\nImport\nPrice\nConsumption\nArea\nGlobal Tea\nMonthly Average Auction Prices\nRegulatory Activities\nLicense to Use Nilgiri Orthodox\nLicense to Use Assam Orthodox\nDarjeeling GI Protection\nEnlisted Inspect Agencies/Laboratories\nPermission to Use Assam Logo\nPermission to Use Dooars-Terai Logo\nPermission to Use Nilgiri Logo\nPermission to use India Tea Logo\nAnnouncement\nNotices & Circulars\nVacancy\nTenders\nIndia Tea News\nPress Release\nTea File\neServices\nOnline application for Licenses\nSubmission of e-Returns\nCertificate of Origin\neAuction of Tea\nJorhat Auction\nTea Waste Portal\nTea Council Portal\nDelivery of eServices through ServicePlus Portal\nCentralized Video Conference Facility\nQuick Links\nClick Here to submit Online Applications and e-Returns\n|\nCoO Portal\n|\neAuction Portal\n|\nJorhat Auction Portal\n|\nTea Waste Portal\n|\nTea Council Portal\n|\nServicePlus Portal\n|\nCentralized Video Conference Facility at Tea Board made Online.\nClick Here to View Details.\nFAQ\nHome\n»\nFAQ\nTea Board\nNotices & Circulars\nTenders\nLatest News\nMore\nLast Updated on : 2/20/2026 12:08:11 AM\nOffice Memorandum No. 25/2026, Date....[Office Memorandum...]\nMemorandum No. Estt/PR/S-359/Leave ....[Office Memorandum...]\nUpdated list (as on 10.02.2026) of ....[Enlisted Inspect Agencies...]\nOffice Memorandum No. 24/2026, Dt. ....[Office Memorandum...]\nDirective No. 01/2026 regarding Imp....[Notices & Circulars...]\nProducts\nWorld Gold Standard\nWorld Gold Standard\nDarjeeling\nDarjeeling\nAssam\nAssam\nLicense to Use Assam Orthodox\nLicense to Use Assam Orthodox\nNilgiri\nNilgiri\nLicense to Use Nilgiri Orthodox\nLicense to Use Nilgiri Orthodox\nKangra\nKangra\nDooars-Terai\nDooars-Terai\nSikkim\nSikkim\nTripura\nTripura\n200 years of Assam Tea\n200 years of Assam Tea\n200 years of Assam Tea.\n200 years of Assam Tea.\nPrev\nNext\nFAQ\nIn case an applicant has done the field work under the Plantation Development Scheme and Small Growers Development component / purchased Machinery and completed civil work /Certifications done under QUPDS on or after the cut-off date 10-12-2014 and yet to be applied, whether such applications can be considered or not?\nIn terms of recent MOCI directive effective date of XII plan Scheme is 10.12.2014. In case of replanting and rejuvenation, the enhanced subsidy rate will be effective considering the date of planting / rejuvenation pruning. Since replanting / rejuvenation pruning is a continued activity of XI plan period, therefore, those applicant who have submitted the application & commenced the field work (Replanting/ Rejuvenation pruning ) on or after 10.12.2014 are eligible to avail the benefit of enhanced subsidy rate . Subsidy for procurement of irrigation equipment is also a continued activity of XI plan period, therefore the applicant who had already applied on or after 10.12.2014 will get the benefit of enhanced rate. However, New planting activity for the big growers, has been introduced newly in the XII plan, therefore the applicant, who has commenced the work on or after 10.12.2014 and within 30.06.2015 may be allowed to submit the application to the Board’s nearest filed office latest by 30.09.2015 along with all the supporting documents as per the XII plan scheme guide lines. In case of field mechanization activity also the items viz. pruning machine and Harvesting machine, which has been procured on or after 10.12.2014 and within 30.06.2015, for which the applicant may be allowed to submit the application to the Board’s nearest field offices latest by 30.09.2015. The sanctioning authority is allowed to consider such cases within the stipulated period as a special consideration. In case of Small Grower Development activity also the aforesaid modalities will be followed. However, since new planting activity for Small Growers is a XI plan continued activity, the above stated special consideration may not require and the applicant who has already submitted the application and commenced planting on or after 10.12.2014 will be eligible to get the benefit of enhanced rate of subsidy. In respect of Component- Quality Up-gradation & Diversification( QUPD)- a) In connection with the applications for value addition, setting up of specialty tea units, warehousing activities & certification activities- those factories applied after H.O. circular dated 11.12.2013 and undertaken the work may be processed as per XI plan guidelines. But who have executed the work but yet to apply may not be allowed. b) In connection with the factory up-gradation- those who have applied after 10.12.2014 and undertaken the work may be processed as per XII Plan guidelines. Application submitted prior to this date will not be accepted. c) In respect of Orthodox Tea Production subsidy (OTPS) - circular issued by H.O. on 28.12.2012 may be followed and hence it is expected that applications are regularly being submitted by the factories. In regard to late submission the decision of the Board may be followed which was circulated earlier.\nAs SPTF scheme is not in operation in the XII Plan, whether Screening Committee proceedings is needed to be conducted for the old/2nd installment cases?\nIn XII Plan guidelines under Plantation Development component there is no provision of Screening Committee.\nIn case of Rejuvenation pruning and infilling, if the sectional yield is more than the garden average yield and if the same is duly justified by UPASI Advisory Officer , whether NOC can be issued to such Tea Estates or not (i.e. in the 12th Plan guidelines the applicability of sectional yield is not mentioned in the Rejuvenation Pruning activity)?\nIn XII Plan scheme guidelines, Sectional average yield vis-à-vis Garden Average yield is not an eligibility criteria for considering the Rejuvenation Subsidy application.\nWhether, those Self Help Groups (SHGs) that have already availed the Revolving Corpus Fund (RCF) of Rs. 5.0 lakh under the XI Plan,can once again claim for benefits on the basis of the tea area at the rate of Rs.15,000/-per ha as per the XII Plan scheme guidelines?\nSince as per provision of the scheme, it is one time capital grant,therefore, the Self Help Group(SHG) who has already availed the benefit during the XI plan is not eligible to receive grant for revolving corpus fund again. However, the Self Help Group (SHG) who has submitted application on or after 10.12.2014( effective operational date for XII Plan Tea Development & Promotion Scheme) and received financial assistance under the head One Time Grant for common facilities to the SHG based on XI Plan scheme guidelines, may be reviewed and the subsidy may be considered at enhanced rate applicable for XII plan scheme. The difference in the eligible amount considering the XII plan guidelines may be paid to the SHG.\nWhy should we drink Tea?\nTea is second only to water in worldwide beverage consumption. It is taken primarily as a hot drink for its stimulating effects .Drinking tea has many health benefits. It lowers blood pressure, protects the heart, helps to prevent obesity, prevents tooth decay and increases immunity, etc.\nTea contains tannins: are they bad?\nThe main cause of confusion concerning tea tannins is that they are often mistaken to be associated with tannnic acid which is used for tanning leather. However this is false. Tea tannins are polyphenolic compounds that have antioxidant property.\nWhy are antioxidants present in tea beneficial for us?\nGrowing evidence indicates that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral phenomenon in the development of several diseases like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc. Antioxidants present in tea prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body. Antioxidants present in the tea acts as \"ROS scavenger\" thereby preventing and repairing the damages done by these free radicals. Antioxidants present in tea enhances immune defense and therefore lower the risk of cancer and infection.\nDoes Tea increases alertness?\nPreliminary research has shown that caffeine in tea is responsible for alertness across the day in the tea drinkers. Studies have revealed that L-theanine in combination with caffeine might be responsible for the positive effect of tea on alertness.\nDoes Tea disturb sleep?\nAnecdotally, many people avoid drinking tea in the evening as they are concerned that caffeine may adversely affect their sleep. Apart from flavonoids tea also contains a unique amino acid, L-theanine. Evidences suggest that L theanine has the ability to promote quality sleep.\nDoes Tea promote hydration?\nThere is a common myth that tea acts as a diuretic may therefore might compromise hydration. Scientists believe that if tea is taken regularly, a tolerance to caffeine develops and the diuretic effect is diminished. Moreover tea can provide an important source of fluids and can contribute to the body's hydration levels.\nWhat is the difference between black tea and green tea?\nGreen tea and black tea are made from the same tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Green tea is made by the leaves being withered, then steamed or pan fried, before being rolled and then dried. It undergoes very minimal oxidation. Green tea contains catechins (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) which represent 80–90% and flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin glycosides) which is <10% of total flavonoids. The black tea leaf making process involves and additional step of aeration of the cut, withering leaves for several hours. The catechins are turned from the monomer structure to become the dimers that are the theaflavins and the oligomers that are thearubigins The catechin content of black tea is only 20–30%, whilst the theaflavins and thearubigins represent 10 and 50–60% of total flavonoids respectively.\nWhich type of tea is healthier for you?\nBoth black and green have different types of polyphenolic compounds. All these polyphenolic compounds have antioxidant property. So both types of tea are beneficial for health.\nHow do you brew the black tea? And what will happen if water is boiled for too long while making tea?\nWater is boiled. 1 teaspoon of tea is placed for each cup into the teapot. Boiling water is poured into the teapot. Tea pot is covered 3-5 minutes according to taste. The longer the steeping time the stronger the tea. Boiling water for too long does affect the quality of tea. The desirable taste of tea is due to interaction of two of its main components, caffeine and polyphenols. Each component is bitter on its own but as a complex the compounds moderate each other. Complex formation leads to the desirable taste often described as “tangy astrigency” This complex contributes to the formation of the colored precipitation or ‘cream’ when tea liquor is allowed to cool. Normal tap water is slightly acidic because dissolved CO2 gas is present in it. Slightly acidic water enhances the colour and taste of tea. A high temperature changes the acidity of water as carbon-dioxide is driven out during the process. Therefore re-boiled water might well brew tea of a different color and strength and is unsuitable to brew a good cup of tea.\nWhy theaflavins are considered as important quality parameter for black tea?\nTheaflavin, which are thought to be responsible for colors, briskness and taste, and therefore considered to be important for the quality of black tea. Theaflavins contribute to the health benefits of drinking black tea.\nWhy is Darjeeling tea so special?\nDarjeeling tea is widely and universally acknowledged to be the finest tea, because its unique muscatel flavor. Reports suggest aroma molecules including linalool , geraniol, benzyl alcohol , 2-phenyl ethanol , mehyl salicylate, hexanoic acid, (Z)-3-hexenoic acid, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, t-geranic acid, dihydroactinidiolide, N- ethylsuccimide, 2,6-dimethy1-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol, and 3,7-dimethy1-1,5,7-octatrien-3-o1 etc contributes to the flavor of Darjeeling tea.\nWhat is Organic tea?\nThe manufacture of organic tea is carried-out without the using chemical fertilizers, Pesticides and insecticides as a result the made tea doesn’t contain any harmful chemical residues which can bring about adverse health effects.\nHow should we store tea at home?\nTo preserve freshness of tea it should be stored in a cool and dry place, in a container that is opaque and airtight. An airtight tin is best. Since tea absorbs other odors very easily, it should be stored away from any strong-smelling foods.\nWhat is the average crop loss in tea due to pests?\nEstimate suggested that the average annual loss of tea crop in North-East India due to pest, disease and weeds is about 85 million Kg, valued at Rs. 425 crores. The crop loss in tea accounted for anywhere between 6-14% due to the ravages of insect pests.\nHow these pests are controlled?\nPest control in tea is mainly achieved by the use of synthetic pesticides that have CIB label claim for tea. However, since the 1970, an emphasis on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices was given to reduce the pesticide load.\nWhat are the common problems associated with the overuse of chemical pesticides?\nOveruse of chemical pesticides can cause secondary pest outbreak together with problems of pesticide residue in made tea. Possibility of development of insect-pest resistance against these insecticides cannot be altogether ignored. In addition to residue problem, other factors such as tainting of tea, toxic hazards to operators and natural enemies of insect-pests can also cause great disturbance.\nWhat amount of pesticide is used in tea in India?\nThe average use pattern of chemical pesticides was estimated to be 11.5 kg per ha in the Assam valley and Cachar, 16.75 kg per ha in Dooars and Terai and 7.35 kg per ha in Darjeeling (Barbora and Biswas, 1996). In a recent survey, synthetic pesticides constituted 85% of the total pesticides used, while 15% were of organic and inorganic origin in tea gardens of Dooars in which, acaricides accounted for 25% (3.60 litre per ha) and insecticides 60% (8.46 litre per ha). Within the synthetic insecticides, organophosphate compounds (64% - 5 rounds per year) were the most preferred followed by organochlorine (26% - 2 rounds per year) and synthetic pyrethroids (9% - 7 rounds per year).\nWhat are the Pesticide regulations in India with respect to tea?\nIn India, the concentration of pesticides in food is regulated by two laws (1) the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (erstwhile Prevention of Food Adulteration act 1954) and (2) the Insecticide Act, 1968. The new pesticides molecules are to be registered with CIB&RC before their actual use in agriculture. The Registration Committee of Central Insecticide Board formed under the insecticide act 1968 has the responsibility to check the data requirement of new pesticides and to ensure that pesticide allowed for use will not leave the residues on food commodities above MRLs. It is also liased with international bodies like EPA, FAO, WHO, Codex etc. on pesticide residues. The Government of India, MOC&I vide its order ref. S0486 (E) dated 01.04.2005 has issued the Tea Distribution and Export Control Order, 2005 which will help the country to limit the presence of undesirable substances in tea.\nWhat is MRL?\nMRLs are defined as the maximum concentration of pesticide residue (expressed as milligrams of residue per kilogram of food/animal feeding stuff) likely to occur in or on food and feeding stuffs after the use of pesticides according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), i.e. when the pesticide has been applied in line with the product label recommendations and in keeping with local environmental and other conditions). MRLs are primarily trading standards, but they also help ensure that residue levels do not pose unacceptable risks for consumers.\nHow MRL’s are determined?\nOnce residues are demonstrated to be safe for consumers, MRLs are set based on rigorous evaluation of each pesticide legally authorized. They act as an indicator of the correct use of pesticides, and ensure compliance with legal requirements for low residues on food. MRLs are trading standards used to ensure that imported and exported food is safe to eat. For example, where there is an approved use of the compound on a particular crop, the MRL is generally set at a value determined from field trials (i.e. where the crop has been treated with the pesticide and samples of the crop have been analysed to determine residue levels). MRLs can typically be less than a milligram (mg) of pesticide residue in a kilogram of food (1mg/kg or less than one in a million) up to 5 mg/kg or more.\nHow many pesticides are currently having label claim from CIB&RC for use in tea?\nAt present, 35 pesticides have label claim for use in tea as approved by CIB&RC. Among these, there are 23 insecticides, 6 fungicides and 6 herbicides.\nWhat is the purpose of MRL’s?\nMRLs are intended primarily as a check that the pesticide is being used correctly (i.e. that the GAP is being observed) and to assist international trade in treated produce.\nIs MRL determined for tea or for liquor?\nActually, the MRL is fixed on the commodity on sale. Since black tea is the commodity which is on sale, MRL is fixed on black tea. But it is the liquor, which we drink and not the made tea. It was found that the quantum of pesticide residues that is transferred into liquor is much less than that present in the made tea.\nWhy MRL’s are different in different countries?\nMRL’s are basically based on Toxicological data and GAP. Since, the food habit of different countries vary according to the prefer ability, Fixation of MRL’s of a particular pesticides vary accordingly across the regions of the world.\nHow MRL’s are fixed in International scenario?\nThe joint meeting on pesticide residues (JMPR), is an international expert group that consists of the food and agriculture organization (FAO), panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and environment and the world health organization (WHO) core assessment group, has been meeting regularly since 1963. The objective of the JMPR is to recommend MRLs for pesticide residues in food and feed, based on scientific evaluations which are adopted by CODEX through codex committee on pesticide residues (CCPR) for use as international standards by the World Trade Organization (WTO) under the Sanitation and Phytosanitation (SPS) agreement in agricultural commodities moving in international trade. The FAO panel of experts is responsible for reviewing the residue, analytical aspects, metabolism, environmental fate and use pattern of pesticides and for estimating MRLs that might occur as a result of the use of pesticides according to good agricultural practices (GAP). The WHO core assessment group is responsible for reviewing toxicological and related data and for estimating, where possible, acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for humans of the pesticides.\nIs it possible to produce residue free tea?\nThe tea plantations of India offer congenial environment for a large number of pests, diseases and weeds necessitating judicious use of chemical pesticides. Further, the shorter interval between treatment and plucking of shoots as compared to other crops make it difficult to keep residues low. However, high temperature during tea processing offers scope for degradation of some pesticides. But indiscriminate use of pesticides can invariably leave residues which may render the tea unsuitable for consumption and trade.\nFAQ Videos\nClick here to watch video on how to fill-up online application for obtaining Exporter License\nClick here to watch video on how to print filled-in application forms\nClick here to watch video on how to upload supporting documents\nClick here to watch video on how to make online payments\nClick here to watch video on what to do in case of any payment related issues\nClick here to watch video on how to see the Enlisted Inspect Agencies/Laboratories\nClick here to watch video on how to check Tea Testing parameters\nClick here to watch video on how to apply for Assistance to FPO/FPC\nClick here to watch video on how to apply for Field Mechanisation\nBack\nWebsite Policy\nEmployee Corner\nPublic Grievance\nSite Map\nHelp\nUseful Links\nHoliday List\nFeedback\nHome\nAbout Us\nVision & Mission\nFAQ\nRTI\nContact Us\nDirectory\nWeb Information Manager\nShare With\n© Ownership Information: Website belongs to Tea Board India, Department of Commerce.\nCopyright 2026 (with latest amendments), \n all rights reserved with Tea Board India, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.\nThe site is best viewed in Chrome 92.0 , Firefox 89.0 or Microsoft Edge 92.0\nLast Updated: Friday, 20 Feb 2026 00:12:10\nNo of Users Online:\n 380\nTop", "html": "\n \n\n\n \n\tFAQ\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n
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FAQ

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    \n\t\t\t\tIn case an applicant has done the field work under the Plantation Development Scheme and Small Growers Development component / purchased Machinery and completed civil work /Certifications done under QUPDS on or after the cut-off date 10-12-2014 and yet to be applied, whether such applications can be considered or not?
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    \n\t\t\t\tIn terms of recent MOCI directive effective date of XII plan Scheme is 10.12.2014. In case of replanting and rejuvenation, the enhanced subsidy rate will be effective considering the date of planting / rejuvenation pruning. Since replanting / rejuvenation pruning is a continued activity of XI plan period, therefore, those applicant who have submitted the application & commenced the field work (Replanting/ Rejuvenation pruning ) on or after 10.12.2014 are eligible to avail the benefit of enhanced subsidy rate . Subsidy for procurement of irrigation equipment is also a continued activity of XI plan period, therefore the applicant who had already applied on or after 10.12.2014 will get the benefit of enhanced rate. However, New planting activity for the big growers, has been introduced newly in the XII plan, therefore the applicant, who has commenced the work on or after 10.12.2014 and within 30.06.2015 may be allowed to submit the application to the Board’s nearest filed office latest by 30.09.2015 along with all the supporting documents as per the XII plan scheme guide lines. In case of field mechanization activity also the items viz. pruning machine and Harvesting machine, which has been procured on or after 10.12.2014 and within 30.06.2015, for which the applicant may be allowed to submit the application to the Board’s nearest field offices latest by 30.09.2015. The sanctioning authority is allowed to consider such cases within the stipulated period as a special consideration. In case of Small Grower Development activity also the aforesaid modalities will be followed. However, since new planting activity for Small Growers is a XI plan continued activity, the above stated special consideration may not require and the applicant who has already submitted the application and commenced planting on or after 10.12.2014 will be eligible to get the benefit of enhanced rate of subsidy. In respect of Component- Quality Up-gradation & Diversification( QUPD)- a) In connection with the applications for value addition, setting up of specialty tea units, warehousing activities & certification activities- those factories applied after H.O. circular dated 11.12.2013 and undertaken the work may be processed as per XI plan guidelines. But who have executed the work but yet to apply may not be allowed. b) In connection with the factory up-gradation- those who have applied after 10.12.2014 and undertaken the work may be processed as per XII Plan guidelines. Application submitted prior to this date will not be accepted. c) In respect of Orthodox Tea Production subsidy (OTPS) - circular issued by H.O. on 28.12.2012 may be followed and hence it is expected that applications are regularly being submitted by the factories. In regard to late submission the decision of the Board may be followed which was circulated earlier.
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    \n\t\t\t\tAs SPTF scheme is not in operation in the XII Plan, whether Screening Committee proceedings is needed to be conducted for the old/2nd installment cases?
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    \n\t\t\t\tIn XII Plan guidelines under Plantation Development component there is no provision of Screening Committee.
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    \n\t\t\t\tIn case of Rejuvenation pruning and infilling, if the sectional yield is more than the garden average yield and if the same is duly justified by UPASI Advisory Officer , whether NOC can be issued to such Tea Estates or not (i.e. in the 12th Plan guidelines the applicability of sectional yield is not mentioned in the Rejuvenation Pruning activity)?
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    \n\t\t\t\tIn XII Plan scheme guidelines, Sectional average yield vis-à-vis Garden Average yield is not an eligibility criteria for considering the Rejuvenation Subsidy application.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhether, those Self Help Groups (SHGs) that have already availed the Revolving Corpus Fund (RCF) of Rs. 5.0 lakh under the XI Plan,can once again claim for benefits on the basis of the tea area at the rate of Rs.15,000/-per ha as per the XII Plan scheme guidelines?
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    \n\t\t\t\tSince as per provision of the scheme, it is one time capital grant,therefore, the Self Help Group(SHG) who has already availed the benefit during the XI plan is not eligible to receive grant for revolving corpus fund again. However, the Self Help Group (SHG) who has submitted application on or after 10.12.2014( effective operational date for XII Plan Tea Development & Promotion Scheme) and received financial assistance under the head One Time Grant for common facilities to the SHG based on XI Plan scheme guidelines, may be reviewed and the subsidy may be considered at enhanced rate applicable for XII plan scheme. The difference in the eligible amount considering the XII plan guidelines may be paid to the SHG.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhy should we drink Tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tTea is second only to water in worldwide beverage consumption. It is taken primarily as a hot drink for its stimulating effects .Drinking tea has many health benefits. It lowers blood pressure, protects the heart, helps to prevent obesity, prevents tooth decay and increases immunity, etc.
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    \n\t\t\t\tTea contains tannins: are they bad?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThe main cause of confusion concerning tea tannins is that they are often mistaken to be associated with tannnic acid which is used for tanning leather. However this is false. Tea tannins are polyphenolic compounds that have antioxidant property.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhy are antioxidants present in tea beneficial for us?
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    \n\t\t\t\tGrowing evidence indicates that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral phenomenon in the development of several diseases like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc. Antioxidants present in tea prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body. Antioxidants present in the tea acts as \"ROS scavenger\" thereby preventing and repairing the damages done by these free radicals. Antioxidants present in tea enhances immune defense and therefore lower the risk of cancer and infection.
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  • \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\tDoes Tea increases alertness?
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    \n\t\t\t\tPreliminary research has shown that caffeine in tea is responsible for alertness across the day in the tea drinkers. Studies have revealed that L-theanine in combination with caffeine might be responsible for the positive effect of tea on alertness.
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    \n\t\t\t\tDoes Tea disturb sleep?
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    \n\t\t\t\tAnecdotally, many people avoid drinking tea in the evening as they are concerned that caffeine may adversely affect their sleep. Apart from flavonoids tea also contains a unique amino acid, L-theanine. Evidences suggest that L theanine has the ability to promote quality sleep.
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    \n\t\t\t\tDoes Tea promote hydration?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThere is a common myth that tea acts as a diuretic may therefore might compromise hydration. Scientists believe that if tea is taken regularly, a tolerance to caffeine develops and the diuretic effect is diminished. Moreover tea can provide an important source of fluids and can contribute to the body's hydration levels.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat is the difference between black tea and green tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tGreen tea and black tea are made from the same tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Green tea is made by the leaves being withered, then steamed or pan fried, before being rolled and then dried. It undergoes very minimal oxidation. Green tea contains catechins (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) which represent 80–90% and flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin glycosides) which is <10% of total flavonoids. The black tea leaf making process involves and additional step of aeration of the cut, withering leaves for several hours. The catechins are turned from the monomer structure to become the dimers that are the theaflavins and the oligomers that are thearubigins The catechin content of black tea is only 20–30%, whilst the theaflavins and thearubigins represent 10 and 50–60% of total flavonoids respectively.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhich type of tea is healthier for you?
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    \n\t\t\t\tBoth black and green have different types of polyphenolic compounds. All these polyphenolic compounds have antioxidant property. So both types of tea are beneficial for health.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow do you brew the black tea? And what will happen if water is boiled for too long while making tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tWater is boiled. 1 teaspoon of tea is placed for each cup into the teapot. Boiling water is poured into the teapot. Tea pot is covered 3-5 minutes according to taste. The longer the steeping time the stronger the tea. Boiling water for too long does affect the quality of tea. The desirable taste of tea is due to interaction of two of its main components, caffeine and polyphenols. Each component is bitter on its own but as a complex the compounds moderate each other. Complex formation leads to the desirable taste often described as “tangy astrigency” This complex contributes to the formation of the colored precipitation or ‘cream’ when tea liquor is allowed to cool. Normal tap water is slightly acidic because dissolved CO2 gas is present in it. Slightly acidic water enhances the colour and taste of tea. A high temperature changes the acidity of water as carbon-dioxide is driven out during the process. Therefore re-boiled water might well brew tea of a different color and strength and is unsuitable to brew a good cup of tea.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhy theaflavins are considered as important quality parameter for black tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tTheaflavin, which are thought to be responsible for colors, briskness and taste, and therefore considered to be important for the quality of black tea. Theaflavins contribute to the health benefits of drinking black tea.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhy is Darjeeling tea so special?
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    \n\t\t\t\tDarjeeling tea is widely and universally acknowledged to be the finest tea, because its unique muscatel flavor. Reports suggest aroma molecules including linalool , geraniol, benzyl alcohol , 2-phenyl ethanol , mehyl salicylate, hexanoic acid, (Z)-3-hexenoic acid, (E)-2-hexenoic acid, t-geranic acid, dihydroactinidiolide, N- ethylsuccimide, 2,6-dimethy1-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol, and 3,7-dimethy1-1,5,7-octatrien-3-o1 etc contributes to the flavor of Darjeeling tea.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat is Organic tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThe manufacture of organic tea is carried-out without the using chemical fertilizers, Pesticides and insecticides as a result the made tea doesn’t contain any harmful chemical residues which can bring about adverse health effects.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow should we store tea at home?
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    \n\t\t\t\tTo preserve freshness of tea it should be stored in a cool and dry place, in a container that is opaque and airtight. An airtight tin is best. Since tea absorbs other odors very easily, it should be stored away from any strong-smelling foods.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat is the average crop loss in tea due to pests?
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    \n\t\t\t\tEstimate suggested that the average annual loss of tea crop in North-East India due to pest, disease and weeds is about 85 million Kg, valued at Rs. 425 crores. The crop loss in tea accounted for anywhere between 6-14% due to the ravages of insect pests.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow these pests are controlled?
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    \n\t\t\t\tPest control in tea is mainly achieved by the use of synthetic pesticides that have CIB label claim for tea. However, since the 1970, an emphasis on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices was given to reduce the pesticide load.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat are the common problems associated with the overuse of chemical pesticides?
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    \n\t\t\t\tOveruse of chemical pesticides can cause secondary pest outbreak together with problems of pesticide residue in made tea. Possibility of development of insect-pest resistance against these insecticides cannot be altogether ignored. In addition to residue problem, other factors such as tainting of tea, toxic hazards to operators and natural enemies of insect-pests can also cause great disturbance.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat amount of pesticide is used in tea in India?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThe average use pattern of chemical pesticides was estimated to be 11.5 kg per ha in the Assam valley and Cachar, 16.75 kg per ha in Dooars and Terai and 7.35 kg per ha in Darjeeling (Barbora and Biswas, 1996). In a recent survey, synthetic pesticides constituted 85% of the total pesticides used, while 15% were of organic and inorganic origin in tea gardens of Dooars in which, acaricides accounted for 25% (3.60 litre per ha) and insecticides 60% (8.46 litre per ha). Within the synthetic insecticides, organophosphate compounds (64% - 5 rounds per year) were the most preferred followed by organochlorine (26% - 2 rounds per year) and synthetic pyrethroids (9% - 7 rounds per year).
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat are the Pesticide regulations in India with respect to tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tIn India, the concentration of pesticides in food is regulated by two laws (1) the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (erstwhile Prevention of Food Adulteration act 1954) and (2) the Insecticide Act, 1968. The new pesticides molecules are to be registered with CIB&RC before their actual use in agriculture. The Registration Committee of Central Insecticide Board formed under the insecticide act 1968 has the responsibility to check the data requirement of new pesticides and to ensure that pesticide allowed for use will not leave the residues on food commodities above MRLs. It is also liased with international bodies like EPA, FAO, WHO, Codex etc. on pesticide residues. The Government of India, MOC&I vide its order ref. S0486 (E) dated 01.04.2005 has issued the Tea Distribution and Export Control Order, 2005 which will help the country to limit the presence of undesirable substances in tea.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat is MRL?
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    \n\t\t\t\tMRLs are defined as the maximum concentration of pesticide residue (expressed as milligrams of residue per kilogram of food/animal feeding stuff) likely to occur in or on food and feeding stuffs after the use of pesticides according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), i.e. when the pesticide has been applied in line with the product label recommendations and in keeping with local environmental and other conditions). MRLs are primarily trading standards, but they also help ensure that residue levels do not pose unacceptable risks for consumers.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow MRL’s are determined?
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    \n\t\t\t\tOnce residues are demonstrated to be safe for consumers, MRLs are set based on rigorous evaluation of each pesticide legally authorized. They act as an indicator of the correct use of pesticides, and ensure compliance with legal requirements for low residues on food. MRLs are trading standards used to ensure that imported and exported food is safe to eat. For example, where there is an approved use of the compound on a particular crop, the MRL is generally set at a value determined from field trials (i.e. where the crop has been treated with the pesticide and samples of the crop have been analysed to determine residue levels). MRLs can typically be less than a milligram (mg) of pesticide residue in a kilogram of food (1mg/kg or less than one in a million) up to 5 mg/kg or more.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow many pesticides are currently having label claim from CIB&RC for use in tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tAt present, 35 pesticides have label claim for use in tea as approved by CIB&RC. Among these, there are 23 insecticides, 6 fungicides and 6 herbicides.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhat is the purpose of MRL’s?
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    \n\t\t\t\tMRLs are intended primarily as a check that the pesticide is being used correctly (i.e. that the GAP is being observed) and to assist international trade in treated produce.
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    \n\t\t\t\tIs MRL determined for tea or for liquor?
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    \n\t\t\t\tActually, the MRL is fixed on the commodity on sale. Since black tea is the commodity which is on sale, MRL is fixed on black tea. But it is the liquor, which we drink and not the made tea. It was found that the quantum of pesticide residues that is transferred into liquor is much less than that present in the made tea.
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    \n\t\t\t\tWhy MRL’s are different in different countries?
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    \n\t\t\t\tMRL’s are basically based on Toxicological data and GAP. Since, the food habit of different countries vary according to the prefer ability, Fixation of MRL’s of a particular pesticides vary accordingly across the regions of the world.
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    \n\t\t\t\tHow MRL’s are fixed in International scenario?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThe joint meeting on pesticide residues (JMPR), is an international expert group that consists of the food and agriculture organization (FAO), panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and environment and the world health organization (WHO) core assessment group, has been meeting regularly since 1963. The objective of the JMPR is to recommend MRLs for pesticide residues in food and feed, based on scientific evaluations which are adopted by CODEX through codex committee on pesticide residues (CCPR) for use as international standards by the World Trade Organization (WTO) under the Sanitation and Phytosanitation (SPS) agreement in agricultural commodities moving in international trade. The FAO panel of experts is responsible for reviewing the residue, analytical aspects, metabolism, environmental fate and use pattern of pesticides and for estimating MRLs that might occur as a result of the use of pesticides according to good agricultural practices (GAP). The WHO core assessment group is responsible for reviewing toxicological and related data and for estimating, where possible, acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for humans of the pesticides.
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    \n\t\t\t\tIs it possible to produce residue free tea?
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    \n\t\t\t\tThe tea plantations of India offer congenial environment for a large number of pests, diseases and weeds necessitating judicious use of chemical pesticides. Further, the shorter interval between treatment and plucking of shoots as compared to other crops make it difficult to keep residues low. However, high temperature during tea processing offers scope for degradation of some pesticides. But indiscriminate use of pesticides can invariably leave residues which may render the tea unsuitable for consumption and trade.
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